Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 27, Problem 8TYU
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY • INTERPRET THE DATA The nitrogen-fixing bacterium Rhizobium infects the roots of some plant species, forming a materialism in which the bacterium provides nitrogen, and the plant provides carbohydrates. Scientists measured the 12-week growth of one such plant species (Acachiirrorata) when Infected by six different Rhizobium strains.
(a) Graph the data. (b) Interpret your graph.
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Atmospheric nitrogen can be useda) directly by all living organisms.b) only by aerobic bacteria.c) only by anaerobic bacteria.d) in symbiotic relationships between rhizobia and plants.e) in photosynthesis.
For both fertilizers, plant growth began to decrease when 1.5 kg of
fertilizer was given.
D)
Rhizobia are bacteria that live on the roots of some plants, such as legumes like pea plants. Rhizobia convert an element in the
atmosphere into ammonia. Identify and explain the type of relationship this represents.
A)
It is parasitism because the bacteria absorbs food from the pea plant.
It is commensalism because the bacteria and pea plant don't harm each
B)
other.
It is competition because the rhizobia and pea plant both need the limited
amount of available nitrogen.
C)
It is mutualism because the bacteria receives carbon from the pea plant,
D)
Eliminate
while the plant uses the ammopia to make amíno acids.
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All of the following are true about soil microorganismsEXCEPT:(a) They never affect or change the physical characteristicsof their soil microenvironment.(b) They are considered to be a part of the soil.(c) All major microbial taxonomic groups can be found insoil (bacteria, fungi, algae, protists, viruses).(d) Species of the genus Clostridium contain important hu-man pathogens found in soil.(e) They are important as decomposers in the carbon andnitrogen cycles.
Chapter 27 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 27.1 - Describe two adaptations that enable prokaryotes...Ch. 27.1 - Contrast the cellular and DNA structures of...Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 27.2 - Although rare on a per gene basis, new mutations...Ch. 27.2 - Distinguish between the three mechanisms by which...Ch. 27.2 - In a rapidly changing environment, which bacterial...Ch. 27.3 - Distinguish between the four major modes of...Ch. 27.3 - A bacterium requires only the amino acid...Ch. 27.3 - WHAT IF? Describe what you might eat for a...Ch. 27.4 - Explain how molecular systematics and metagenomics...
Ch. 27.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.5 - Explain how prokaryotes, though small, can be...Ch. 27.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review Figure 10.6. Then...Ch. 27.6 - Identify at least two ways that prokaryotes have...Ch. 27.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 27 - Describe features of prokaryotes that enable them...Ch. 27 - Mutations are rare and prokaryotes reproduce...Ch. 27 - Describe the range of prokaryotic metabolic...Ch. 27 - How have molecular data informed prokaryotic...Ch. 27 - In what ways are prokaryotes key to the survivaI...Ch. 27 - Prob. 27.6CRCh. 27 - Genetic variation in bacterial populations cannot...Ch. 27 - Photoautotrophs use (A) light as an energy source...Ch. 27 - Which of the following statements is not true? (A)...Ch. 27 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 27 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY INTERPRET THE DATA The...Ch. 27 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ENERGY In a short essay...Ch. 27 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Explain how the small...
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- Name bacteria a, b and c. How do plants obtain their nitrogen? How do animals obtain their nitrogen? Name two plants that have nodules on their roots. Name the three ways atmospheric nitrogen can be changed to nitrates. Why do all livings things need nitrogen? In what type of environmental conditions do bacteria B thrive in?arrow_forwardWhich of the following occurs when a biofilm (or a part of it) begins to starve or experiences oxygen depletion? A) O attachment B) O quorum sensing C) O EPS (exopolysaccharide) production D) O dissolution or dispersal E) O biofilm maturationarrow_forwardcience-SC5 x r19.core.learn.edgenuity.com/player/ ntal Science - SC5181 A ↑ (→ + # 3 1 3 4 5 6 What would happen in the environment if a toxin eliminated large numbers of denitrifying bacteria in the soil? Large amounts of nitrates would accumulate within the soil. O The amount of nitrogen fixation in the nodules would decrease. O Large amounts of nitrites would be lost from the soil. O The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia would increase. Unmark this question 910 MD C $ % ID00A 4 5 DELL Oll 6 & 7 O O 8 Save and Exit * Next 300 9 < ★ English V 4 Submit Oct 6 222 B 海口 ⠀ Kinley Heath 4:00 4 { + X = U backsparrow_forward
- Essay write why we should recycle?arrow_forwardPlease help with this biochem questions! Especially need help with part c!arrow_forwardSoil microorganisms, collectively referred to as dizotrophs, fix 90% of the inert nitrogen gas to ammonium and nitrate. There are two-main types of nitrogen-fixing bacteria: free-living (nonsymbiotic) and mutualistic (symbiotic). Describe the mutualistic relationship between Rhizobium and legumes. What is the advantage of using legumes as a cover crop in agricultural systems? A point of interest is that the nitrogenase enzyme complex is highly sensitive to oxygen. This is a major problem for free-living aerobic species such as cyanobacteria and species of the genera Azotobacter and Beiigrinckia. Describe two ways the bacteria can overcome to levels of oxygen in their cells.arrow_forward
- 29. Algal blooms are indicators of healthy nutrient cycles. A) True B) False 30. The increase in oxygen in the atmosphere _____________. A) required new forms of electron donors. B) lead to the replacement of eukaryotes by prokaryotes. C) was a result of the increase in respiration during the Devonian. D) is associated with changes in the size and diversity of organisms.arrow_forwardRelate the unusual carbon and energy substrates used by bacteria in the family Nocardiaceae to their importance in bioremediationarrow_forwardTo explain: The way in which the plants with nodules for nitrogen-fixing bacteria might simultaneously compete with and facilitate other plant species.arrow_forward
- a.Briefly describe the roles of Rhizobium, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter and Pseudomonasbacteria in the nitrogen cycle (about 200 words). b. Provide one example for each of the following from the sulfur cycle: a biotic flux a natural abiotic flux an anthropogenic flux..arrow_forwardWhich of the following symbiotic mutualisms involves a fungus and an algae? Mark only one oval. A) lichens B) legume-Rhizobium C) corals and zooxanthellae D) gut microbe-ruminant interactions tobayisisvez voi9163 dass beof interactions What reward do many organisms receive for pollinating flowers? Mark only one oval. A) protection from predators B) no reward C) fruit D) nectar Mark only one oval. noiftool teg Which of the following is associated with the increased incidence of Lyme disease? A) decreased forest patch size~ B) decreased deer population C) decreased white-footed mouse population D) decreased tick population popro Phoarrow_forwardDuring quorum sensing, bacteria sense their populationdensity by:(a) Secretion of inducer molecules that become effectivewhen a sufficient amount is secreted(b) Detection of compression from neighboring cells(c) Detection of nutrient depletion(d) Mobilization of sentry cells that circle the periphery ofthe colonyarrow_forward
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