LooseLeaf for Human Anatomy
LooseLeaf for Human Anatomy
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781259285271
Author: Michael McKinley Dr., Valerie O'Loughlin, Elizabeth Pennefather-O'Brien
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 27, Problem 1DCR
Summary Introduction

To determine:

The reason behind Jason’s dehydration along with the process leading to dehydration.

Introduction:

To keep the body in a stable condition (homeostasis), it is important to maintain proper fluid content in the body. Amount of fluid being retained in the body is affected by different hormones.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The hormone that regulates the amount of water in the urine and the effect of alcohol on the activity of this hormone.

Introduction:

Hormones are important for the survival and healthy functioning of the body. Different types of hormones also control different activities of the excretory system. Change in the activity or concentration of these hormones alters the activity of the excretory system.

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A young man is involved in a motorcycle accident that fractures his sphenoid bone. Shortly thereafter, he begins to excrete enormous amounts of urine, up to 30 liters per day, and suffers intense thirst. His neurologist diagnoses the problem as diabetes insipidus. Explain how his head injury resulted in these effects on urinary function and thirst. Why would a sphenoid fracture be more likely than an occipital bone fracture to cause diabetes insipidus? What hormone imbalance resulted from this accident? Would you expect to find elevated glucose in the urine of this diabetic patient? Why or why not?
How does the secretion of ADH affect urine volume and urine concentration?   What factors increase the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland?   How would you alter the secretion of aldosterone and ADH to reabsorb more sodium without reabsorbing large quantities of water from the filtrate?
Osmoregulation is a process that helps control the amount of water in the blood stream. One of the main hormones involved in this is ADH, which is released by the posterior pituitary gland a) With reference to at least this hormone, explain the negative feedback mechanism that occurs when the body is dehydrated. b) Following on from the above, explain what happens when there is too much water in the blood stream. Again you should refer to ADH as part of your answer.
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