SEELEY'S ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260172195
Author: VanPutte
Publisher: RENT MCG
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 26.3, Problem 29AYP
Describe the roles of the loop of Henle, the vasa recta, and urea cycling in maintaining a high interstitial solute concentration in the kidney medulla.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Describe the roles of the loop of Henle, the vasa recta,and urea cycling in maintaining a high interstitial soluteconcentration in the kidney medulla
The Na+-glucose transporters SGLT2 and SGLT1 are located at different levels of the kidney proximal tubule to minimize spillover of the glucose into the urine (See diagram attached)
a) Consider the Na+-glucose coupling ratios for SGLT2 and SGLT1. Why would localization of SGLT2 in the early proximal tubule and SGLT1 in the late proximal tubule be advantageous?
b) The Michaelis constant (Km) for the SGLT2 and SGLT1 transporters are 2 mM and 0.5 mM, respectively. Is SGLT2 or SGLT1 the higher affinity Na+-glucose transporter?
d) Dapagliflozin is an SGLT1 inhibitor and commonly prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes. Why would this be of benefit to a diabetes patient?
In terms of renal excretion, explain and briefly summarize the regulatory role of:
The sympathetic nervous system; •Angiotensin II;•Aldosterone;•ADH;•Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Chapter 26 Solutions
SEELEY'S ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
Ch. 26.1 - Name the organs that make up the urinary system.Ch. 26.1 - List the functions performed by the kidneys, and...Ch. 26.2 - Describe the location, Size, and shown of the...Ch. 26.2 - Describe the renal capsule and the structures that...Ch. 26.2 - List the structures found at the hilum and in the...Ch. 26.2 - What is the functional unit of the kidney? Name...Ch. 26.2 - Distinguish between cortical and juxtamedullary...Ch. 26.2 - List the components of a renal corpuscle.Ch. 26.2 - Describe the structure of the Bowman capsule, the...Ch. 26.2 - Describe the structure of the afferent and...
Ch. 26.2 - Describe the structure and location of the...Ch. 26.2 - Explain blood supply for the kidney.Ch. 26.3 - Name the three general processes involved in...Ch. 26.3 - Contrast the rates of renal blood flow, renal...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 15AYPCh. 26.3 - What is filtration pressure? How does glomerular...Ch. 26.3 - How do systemic blood pressure and afferent...Ch. 26.3 - Describe autoregulation.Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 19AYPCh. 26.3 - What is the direction of movement of substances in...Ch. 26.3 - Describe what happens to most of the filtrate that...Ch. 26.3 - On what side of therenal tubule cell does active...Ch. 26.3 - Describe how symportworks in the renal tubule.Ch. 26.3 - Name the substances that are moved by active and...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 25AYPCh. 26.3 - Where does tubular secretion take place? What is...Ch. 26.3 - What substances are secreted? List the mechanisms...Ch. 26.3 - List the major mechanisms that create and maintain...Ch. 26.3 - Describe the roles of the loop of Henle, the vasa...Ch. 26.3 - Describe how the filtrate volume and concentration...Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 31AYPCh. 26.4 - How is angiotensinII activated? What effects does...Ch. 26.4 - Where is aldosterone produced? What factors...Ch. 26.4 - What are the effects of aldosterone on Na+ and CI+...Ch. 26.4 - Where is ADH produced? What factors stimulate an...Ch. 26.4 - How does ADH affect urine volume and...Ch. 26.4 - Describe how the presence of ADH causes the...Ch. 26.4 - How does the absence of ADH cause the production...Ch. 26.4 - Where is atrial natriuretic hormone produced,and...Ch. 26.5 - What is plasma clearance, and how is it...Ch. 26.5 - Prob. 41AYPCh. 26.5 - Describe how PAH is used to determine renal plasma...Ch. 26.5 - Explain the significance of tubular load and...Ch. 26.6 - What are the functions of the ureters, urinary...Ch. 26.6 - Prob. 45AYPCh. 26.6 - Prob. 46AYPCh. 26.6 - Prob. 47AYPCh. 26.6 - Prob. 48AYPCh. 26.7 - Discuss the effect of aging on the kidneys. Why do...Ch. 26 - Prob. 1RACCh. 26 - Prob. 2RACCh. 26 - Prob. 3RACCh. 26 - Prob. 4RACCh. 26 - Prob. 5RACCh. 26 - Prob. 6RACCh. 26 - Prob. 7RACCh. 26 - Prob. 8RACCh. 26 - If the glomerular capillary pressure is 40 mm Hg,...Ch. 26 - Prob. 10RACCh. 26 - Prob. 11RACCh. 26 - Prob. 12RACCh. 26 - Prob. 13RACCh. 26 - Prob. 14RACCh. 26 - Prob. 15RACCh. 26 - Prob. 16RACCh. 26 - Prob. 17RACCh. 26 - Which of the following contributes to the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 19RACCh. 26 - Prob. 20RACCh. 26 - Prob. 21RACCh. 26 - Prob. 22RACCh. 26 - ADH governs the a. Na+ pump of proximal convoluted...Ch. 26 - Prob. 24RACCh. 26 - The amount of a substance that passes through the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26RACCh. 26 - Prob. 1CTCh. 26 - Harry is doing yard work one hot summer day and...Ch. 26 - Prob. 3CTCh. 26 - Prob. 4CTCh. 26 - Design a kidney that can produce hypostatic urine,...Ch. 26 - If only a very small amount of urea, instead of...Ch. 26 - Prob. 7CTCh. 26 - Marvin was driving too fast on a remote mountain...Ch. 26 - Which of the following will help compensate for...Ch. 26 - Renin-secreting tumors are usually found in the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 11CT
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Explain how the kidneys help to maintain the balance of acids and bases in extracellular fluid.arrow_forwardWhich of the following does not contribute to the high salt concentration in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla? (a) active transport of sodium from the upper part of the ascending limb (b) diffusion of salt from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (c) reabsorption of salt from various regions of Bowmans capsule (d) counterflow of fluid through the two limbs of the loop of Henle (e) diffusion of urea out of the collecting ductarrow_forwardThe macula densa is/are: present in the renal medulla dense tissue present in the outer layer of the kidney cells present in the DCT and collecting tubules present in blood capillaries.arrow_forward
- The renal handling of a novel drug is being studied. When the drug is present in the blood, it is filtered into the Bowman’s capsule and secreted via transport proteins in the renal tubules, but it is NOT reabsorbed. The lines on the following graph represent filtration, secretion and excretion rates of this drug at various plasma concentrations. For the three lines shown (labeled A-C) identify which line represents filtration, which line represents secretion, and which line represents excretion Explain how you determined this.arrow_forwardGiven: A patient’s GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is 125 ml/min, and his urine is produced at a rate of 1.25 ml/min. (A) By what factor is the inulin concentrate in his urine. (B) The concentration of glucose in his plasma is 5 mmol/l. His renal reabsorption of glucose is completely inhibited. What would be the concentration of glucose in his urine? (answer parts a and b)arrow_forwardOne type of diuretic given to people with high blood pressure, renal disease and congestive heart failure are thiazide-type diuretics. These drugs inhibit sodium ion reabsorption by inhibiting the transport in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. A) What does it mean to inhibit the transport of sodium ions in the loop of Henle? B) Explain how this inhibition of sodium ions in the loop of Henle could help increase urine production.arrow_forward
- What are the two intrinsic mechanisms that provide auto regulation of glomerular filtrate? Explain any one of these.arrow_forwardAtrial Natriuretic Peptide helps to reduce overall blood pressure in a variety of ways. One way is by increasing Glomerular Filtration Rate. a. Why/how would increasing GFR cause decreased blood pressure? b. To increase GFR, would Atrial Natriuretic Peptide cause constriction or dilation of afferent arterioles at the kidneys? The efferent arterioles?arrow_forwardBriefly explain the role of kidneys in the following: 1) Excretion of Metabolic Waste Products, Foreign Chemicals, Drugs, and Hormone Metabolites. 2) Regulation of Water and Electrolyte Balance. 3) Regulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 Production.arrow_forward
- 24. Measurements are made of the renal tubular fluid concentration of various substances along the length of the proximal tubule and plotted as the tubular fluid to plasma concentration ratio (TF/P). As these substances are reabsorbed along with water, the following profiles are obtained. (All substances are freely filtered at the glomerulus, the TF/P = 1 at the glomerulus.) Glucose is represented by which of the following curves? OA) [Tubular fluid] [Plasma] OB) 3.0- 2.0- 1.0- 0 B O C) E 25 50 75 Proximal tubule length (%) OD) 100 OE)arrow_forward30, With respect to renal autoregulation, myogenic mechanism refers to Multiple Choice both glomerulus increase of blood flow and macula densa secreting renin are correct ability of macula densa to sense a increase in Na+ content in tubular fluid and secrete renin in response ability of a muscle to contract reflexively without nervous stimulation to adjust blood vessel diameter ability of glomerulus to increase blood flow and increase filtration ratearrow_forwardWhy are the loop of Henle and vasa recta important for the formation of concentrated urine?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305112100
Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Excretory System; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q5qaGHfdmYM;License: Standard youtube license