SEELEY'S ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260172195
Author: VanPutte
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 26, Problem 11CT
Summary Introduction
Case summary:
If the mutations occur in aquaporin-3 and aquaporin-4 in the cells of the collecting duct that resulted in a reduced number of these aquaporins. It affects the urine volume and concentration.
Adequate information:
The anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) helps in decreasing the urine volume. The posterior pituitary gland secretes it. Its secretion is stimulated by the osmoreceptor cells present in the plasma. They produce their response during an increased ion concentration of the blood.
To determine:
The effect produces on urine volume and concentration after mutation in aquaporin. Also, ADH is an effective treatment that is to be determined.
Given information:
The mutation in the aquaporin will reduce the number of these water channels on the distal tubule and collecting duct cells. It affects the concentration and volume of urine.
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Even though mutations of aquaporin-3 and aquaporin-4 in the collecting duct have not been described in the literature, if mutationsoccurred that resulted in a reduced number of these aquaporins in thecells of the collecting ducts, how would urine volume and concentrationbe affected? Would ADH be an effective treatment?
Explain the concept of a countercurrent multiplier system and how it works in the kidneys. What is the importance of this system to the function of the kidneys?
Drugs that increase urine flow (diuretic drugs) are oftenemployed in the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure)or other disease states. Three physiological categories of suchdrugs are ones that (i) function as loop diuretics, (ii) inhibitthe action of aldosterone, and (iii) block Na+ channels in thecollecting ducts. Explain why each of these categories wouldbe expected to increase Na+ excretion and urine flow. (Hint:Rereading the section on hormones at the end of Chapter 28might prove helpful.)
Chapter 26 Solutions
SEELEY'S ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
Ch. 26.1 - Name the organs that make up the urinary system.Ch. 26.1 - List the functions performed by the kidneys, and...Ch. 26.2 - Describe the location, Size, and shown of the...Ch. 26.2 - Describe the renal capsule and the structures that...Ch. 26.2 - List the structures found at the hilum and in the...Ch. 26.2 - What is the functional unit of the kidney? Name...Ch. 26.2 - Distinguish between cortical and juxtamedullary...Ch. 26.2 - List the components of a renal corpuscle.Ch. 26.2 - Describe the structure of the Bowman capsule, the...Ch. 26.2 - Describe the structure of the afferent and...
Ch. 26.2 - Describe the structure and location of the...Ch. 26.2 - Explain blood supply for the kidney.Ch. 26.3 - Name the three general processes involved in...Ch. 26.3 - Contrast the rates of renal blood flow, renal...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 15AYPCh. 26.3 - What is filtration pressure? How does glomerular...Ch. 26.3 - How do systemic blood pressure and afferent...Ch. 26.3 - Describe autoregulation.Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 19AYPCh. 26.3 - What is the direction of movement of substances in...Ch. 26.3 - Describe what happens to most of the filtrate that...Ch. 26.3 - On what side of therenal tubule cell does active...Ch. 26.3 - Describe how symportworks in the renal tubule.Ch. 26.3 - Name the substances that are moved by active and...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 25AYPCh. 26.3 - Where does tubular secretion take place? What is...Ch. 26.3 - What substances are secreted? List the mechanisms...Ch. 26.3 - List the major mechanisms that create and maintain...Ch. 26.3 - Describe the roles of the loop of Henle, the vasa...Ch. 26.3 - Describe how the filtrate volume and concentration...Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 31AYPCh. 26.4 - How is angiotensinII activated? What effects does...Ch. 26.4 - Where is aldosterone produced? What factors...Ch. 26.4 - What are the effects of aldosterone on Na+ and CI+...Ch. 26.4 - Where is ADH produced? What factors stimulate an...Ch. 26.4 - How does ADH affect urine volume and...Ch. 26.4 - Describe how the presence of ADH causes the...Ch. 26.4 - How does the absence of ADH cause the production...Ch. 26.4 - Where is atrial natriuretic hormone produced,and...Ch. 26.5 - What is plasma clearance, and how is it...Ch. 26.5 - Prob. 41AYPCh. 26.5 - Describe how PAH is used to determine renal plasma...Ch. 26.5 - Explain the significance of tubular load and...Ch. 26.6 - What are the functions of the ureters, urinary...Ch. 26.6 - Prob. 45AYPCh. 26.6 - Prob. 46AYPCh. 26.6 - Prob. 47AYPCh. 26.6 - Prob. 48AYPCh. 26.7 - Discuss the effect of aging on the kidneys. Why do...Ch. 26 - Prob. 1RACCh. 26 - Prob. 2RACCh. 26 - Prob. 3RACCh. 26 - Prob. 4RACCh. 26 - Prob. 5RACCh. 26 - Prob. 6RACCh. 26 - Prob. 7RACCh. 26 - Prob. 8RACCh. 26 - If the glomerular capillary pressure is 40 mm Hg,...Ch. 26 - Prob. 10RACCh. 26 - Prob. 11RACCh. 26 - Prob. 12RACCh. 26 - Prob. 13RACCh. 26 - Prob. 14RACCh. 26 - Prob. 15RACCh. 26 - Prob. 16RACCh. 26 - Prob. 17RACCh. 26 - Which of the following contributes to the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 19RACCh. 26 - Prob. 20RACCh. 26 - Prob. 21RACCh. 26 - Prob. 22RACCh. 26 - ADH governs the a. Na+ pump of proximal convoluted...Ch. 26 - Prob. 24RACCh. 26 - The amount of a substance that passes through the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 26RACCh. 26 - Prob. 1CTCh. 26 - Harry is doing yard work one hot summer day and...Ch. 26 - Prob. 3CTCh. 26 - Prob. 4CTCh. 26 - Design a kidney that can produce hypostatic urine,...Ch. 26 - If only a very small amount of urea, instead of...Ch. 26 - Prob. 7CTCh. 26 - Marvin was driving too fast on a remote mountain...Ch. 26 - Which of the following will help compensate for...Ch. 26 - Renin-secreting tumors are usually found in the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 11CT
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following does not contribute to the high salt concentration in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla? (a) active transport of sodium from the upper part of the ascending limb (b) diffusion of salt from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (c) reabsorption of salt from various regions of Bowmans capsule (d) counterflow of fluid through the two limbs of the loop of Henle (e) diffusion of urea out of the collecting ductarrow_forwardWhich of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesarrow_forwardWhy is this statement false? Without the renal medullar osmotic gradient, you would not be able to raise the concentration of urine above 1200 mOsmarrow_forward
- Vesicoureteral reflux occurs in children because: O a. as the bladder in infants and children fill, it pulls the smooth lining of the transitional epithelium away from the ureters so that the reflux valves are ineffective. b. the submucosal segment of the ureter is short, making the antireflux mechanism inefficient. O c. they do not ask for help in urinating in a timely manner and urine is forced up into the ureters. d. the trigone lying between the opening to the ureters and the urethra is underdeveloped.arrow_forwardIf the blood pressure of a patient in shock as a result of asevere injury decreases greatly, how would you expect thevolume of urine to change? Why?arrow_forwardDrugs that increase urine flow (diuretic drugs) are often employed in the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure) or other disease states. Three physiological categories of such drugs are ones that (i) function as loop diuretics, (ii) inhibit the action of aldosterone, and (iii) block Na+ channels in the collecting ducts. Explain why each of these categories would be expected to increase Na+ excretion and urine flow.arrow_forward
- 7. 1 of the following is true of the structure of the renal filtration barrier A. The filtration slit is found the basal lamina B. The filtration slit diaphragm is made up of the fenestrated endothelium C. The lamina rara interna is located adjacent the podocyte D. The filtration slit diaphragm bridges the filtration slits between pedicels 8. 3 of the following are true of the testes A. Contain interstitial cells of Leydig that produce testosterone B. Covered in the anterior and lateral surfaces by a fold of peritoneum C. Mediastinum testis gives rise to connective tissues that divide the testes into lobules D. Within the lobules are seminiferous tubules that are stimulated by Luteinizing hormone 9. 2 of the following are true of Sertoli cells A. Form tight junctions with other Sertoli cells to form the blood testis barrier B. Have receptors for LH important for spermatogenesis C. Phagocytose excess cytoplasm during spermiogenesis D. Stimulated by LH to secrete Androgen Binding…arrow_forwardHow would prolonged exercise affect the specific gravity of urine? Explain how this change is brought about.arrow_forward4) Measurements in a nephron reveal a glomerular hydrostatic pressure of 69 mm Hg, and a fluid pressure in the Bowman's capsule of 16 mm Hg. Assuming that the plasma colloid osmotic pressure is 33 mm Hg, and that essentially no plasma proteins are filtered by the glomerulus, what is the net glomerular filtration pressure in this case?arrow_forward
- Explain how urine may become concentrated as it movesthrough the collecting duct.arrow_forwardWhat function could the collecting duct not perform if there were no nephron loops? Why?arrow_forwardIf you were attempting to tell whether an animal produces itsprimary urine by ultrafiltration or secretion, what measurementswould you make on the primary urine? If your measurementsindicated that ultrafiltration might be occurring, what othertypes of measurements would you make to determinewhether physical and physicochemical conditions favorable toultrafiltration exist? Explain.arrow_forward
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