Foundations in Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259705212
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 26.3, Problem 10CYP
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Carbon is present in several forms in the atmosphere but not all forms are readily available to most life forms. One such compound if methane gas (CH4).
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23. Which of the following is an inorganic molecule that producers can use to make organic ones, but
heterotrophic animals cannot use it for food?
A. C.H12O6 (glucose)
B. CH4 (methane gas)
C. CO2 (carbon dioxide)
D. HC,H;O6 (vinegar)
E. C12H2O11 (sucrose)
4. List at least 2 reasons why living things need
nitrogen.
28. What is the only usable form of energy for all known life i.e. within cells and used by proteins:
a) glucose
b) amino acids
c) ATP
d) fatty acids
Chapter 26 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 26.1 - 1. Define microbial ecology and describe what it...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 2ELOCh. 26.1 - 3. Differentiate between habitat and niche, using...Ch. 26.1 - 1. Present in outline form the levels of...Ch. 26.1 - 2. Compare the concepts of habitat and niche using...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 4ELOCh. 26.2 - 5. Analyze trophic structures and nutritional...Ch. 26.2 - 6. Outline several types of ecological...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 26.2 - Prob. 4CYP
Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 5CYPCh. 26.2 - Prob. 6CYPCh. 26.3 - 7. Summarize the main concepts pertaining to...Ch. 26.3 - 8. Discuss the primary participants in and...Ch. 26.3 - 9. Describe the forms in which nitrogen is found...Ch. 26.3 - 10. Indicate the main components of the sulfur and...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 7CYPCh. 26.3 - Prob. 8CYPCh. 26.3 - Prob. 9CYPCh. 26.3 - Prob. 10CYPCh. 26.3 - 11. Describe nitrogen fixation, ammonification,...Ch. 26.3 - 12. What form of nitrogen is required by plants?...Ch. 26.3 - 13. Summarize the main stages in the cycling of...Ch. 26.3 - 14. Explain the processes of bioaccumulation and...Ch. 26.4 - 11. Describe the structure of soil and how it...Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 12ELOCh. 26.4 - 13. Explain how bioremediation relates to soil and...Ch. 26.5 - Prob. 14ELOCh. 26.5 - 15. Describe the structure of aquatic ecosystems.Ch. 26.5 - 16. Explain how aquatic environments vary in...Ch. 26.5 - 17. Relate the principles involved in water...Ch. 26.5 - Prob. 18ELOCh. 26.5 - 15. Describe the composition of the soil, the...Ch. 26.5 - Prob. 16CYPCh. 26.5 - 17. What are the roles of precipitation,...Ch. 26.5 - 18. What causes the formation of the epilimnion,...Ch. 26.5 - Prob. 19CYPCh. 26.5 - Prob. 20CYPCh. 26.5 - Prob. 21CYPCh. 26.5 - 22. Give specific examples of indicator organisms...Ch. 26.5 - 23. Describe two methods of water analysis.Ch. 26.L1 - 1. Which of the following is not a major...Ch. 26.L1 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 26.L1 - 3. The quantity of available nutrients _______...Ch. 26.L1 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 26.L1 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 26.L1 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 26.L1 - 7. Which of the following bacteria would be the...Ch. 26.L1 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 26.L1 - 9. An oligotrophic ecosystem would be most likely...Ch. 26.L1 - 10. Which of the following does not vary...Ch. 26.L1 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 26.L1 - 2. Increased average water temperature in Lake...Ch. 26.L1 - Prob. 3CSRCh. 26.L1 - Prob. 1WCCh. 26.L1 - Prob. 2WCCh. 26.L1 - Prob. 3WCCh. 26.L1 - 4. Draw a diagram that follows the effects of CO2...Ch. 26.L1 - Prob. 5WCCh. 26.L1 - Prob. 6WCCh. 26.L2 - 1. Biologists can set up an ecosystem in a small,...Ch. 26.L2 - 2. Observe the carbon and nitrogen cycles and...Ch. 26.L2 - Prob. 3CTCh. 26.L2 - 4. Why are organisms in the abyssal zone of the...Ch. 26.L2 - 5. a. What eventually happens to the nutrients...Ch. 26.L2 - 6. If we are to rely on microorganisms to...Ch. 26.L2 - Prob. 1VCCh. 26.L2 - 2. From chapter 8, Figure 8.27. What process does...
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- What carbon compound is the least available for the majority of life forms and why is this the case?arrow_forward3. Why do we need nitrogen fixing bacteria? 4. List at least 2 reasons why living things need nitrogen.arrow_forward5. The following Figure for Question 5 shows a simplified Nitrogen Cycle driven entirely by microorganisms. (i) : (ii) : (iii) : (iv) : N₂ (V) : N₂O iv NO NH3 NO₂ (a) Name the five major nitrogen transformation processes numbered (i) to (v) in the simplified Nitrogen Cycle. ii iii NO₂ The figure for Question 5 Organic Nitrogenarrow_forward
- 3. Which type of nitrogen gas is the most abundant in Earth's atmosphere, and is transformed into biologically useful forms by nitrogen-fixing bacteria in aquatic habitats, or in the soil? A. nitrogen monoxide (NO) B. diatomic nitrogen (N2) C. nitrogen dioxide (NO2) D. dinitrogen oxide (N2O) E. urea (CO(NH2)2)arrow_forward23. Which form of carbon is found in hard sponges, corals, and clams, but not in Earth's atmosphere? A. diatomic nitrogen (N2) B. calcium carbonate (CaCO;) C. carbon dioxide (CO,) D. carbon monoxide (CO) E. methane gas (CH4)arrow_forward1. Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs? A. Only heterotrophs have mitochondria. B. Cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs. C. Only heterotrophs require chemical compounds from the environment. D. Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO2 and other nutrients that are inorganic. 2. Which of the following is not a true statement regarding the difference between DNA and RNA? A. DNA is found in a helical structure while RNA is usually single stranded. B. In DNA, the base thymine is substituted for uracil which is found in RNA. C. RNA contains the nucleic acids adenosine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil while DNA only contains thymine. D. The sugar in RNA is ribose which has a hydroxyl group that interferes with the formation of long helical structures while DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose. 3. Which statement about thylakoids in eukaryotes is not correct? A. Thylakoids contain chlorophyll.…arrow_forward
- 2. Synthesis gas, a mixture that includes the fuels CO and H2 is used to produce liquid hydrocarbons and methanol. It is made at pressures up to 100. atm by oxidation of methane followed by the steam re-forming and water-gas shift reactions. Because the process is exothermic, temperatures reach 950-1100°C, and the conditions are such that the amounts of H2, CO, CO2, CH4, and H20 leaving the reactor are close to their equilibrium amounts in these reactions: CH4 (g) + H20 (g) CO (g) + 3 H2 (g) CO (g) + H2O (g) 5 CO2 (g) + H2 (g) (steam re-forming) (water-gas shift) Calculate the AH°, AS°, AG°, and K (at 298 K) for these two steps in this industrial a. process b. Assuming relatively little change in H or G, what is S for these two steps at 1000.°C? C. If the overall reaction for these two reactions is: 2 CH4 (g) + 3 H2O (g) 5 CO2 (g) + CO (g) + 7 H2 (g) Using standard molar formation thermodynamic values, is this reaction spontaneous at 1000.°C?arrow_forward10. The U.S. Weather Bureau has a station on Mauna Loa in Hawaii that has measured carbon dioxide levels since 1959. At that time, there were 338 parts per million of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. In 2005, the figure was 372 parts per million. Find the increase in carbon dioxide levels and the percent of the increase, to 2 decimal places.arrow_forwardWhich statement correctly describes carbon fixation? the conversion of CO2 into an organic compound the use of RuBisCO to form 3-PGA the production of carbohydrate molecules from G3P the formation of RuBP from G3P molecules the use of ATP and NADPH to reduce CO2arrow_forward
- What is Earths main reservoir for phosphorus, and why is itrecycled at such a slow rate from that reservoir?arrow_forward1 of on 12 ed dout of ag on man The nitrogen cycle involves the movement of atmospheric nitrogen through a series of nitrifying bacteria, which process the nitrogen into forms that can be absorbed and used by other living organisms, Which of the following paths best represent the correct order of this process, starting with atmospheric nitrogen and ending with a form of nitrogen that most plants (producers) can use? Select one: O a. N2(g) → ammonium → nitrite → nitrate - b. nitrite →→ ammonium →→ N2(g) →→ nitrate - c. nitrate → N2(g) → ammonium → nitrate d. ammonium nitrate → nitrite → N2(g) Complete the table below using the dropdown choices. Human Activity Expand city suburbs Large cattle ranches Replant forested areas Effect on cellular functions MacBook Effect on atmospheric composition ◆arrow_forward1. What are the products of photosynthesis? 2 What are the reactants of cellular respiration? 3. Why do we need nitrogen fixing bacteria? 4. List at least 2 reasons why living things need nitrogen.arrow_forward
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