Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781119662792
Author: Tortora, Gerard J., DERRICKSON, Bryan H.
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 26, Problem 17CP
Summary Introduction

To review:

Diagrammatic representation of reabsorption of solutes through the paracellular and transcellular routes. Also, label basolateral and apical membrane and determine sodium-potassium (Na+-K+ ATPases or adenosine triphosphatases) pump's location.

Introduction:

Any substance that is reabsorbed from tubular fluid present in lumen enters a peritubular capillary by two routes. The routes include movement between  neighboring tubule cells or via an individual tubule cell.

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Explain the role of renin-angiotensin - aldosterone pathway in restoring blood pressure and fluid balance.  Include the stimulus for release, the pathway that is involved,  and the physiological effects of angiotensin II and aldosterone.   Answer should include: Identify stimulus/change that starts the pathway (i.e. Identify the direction of change IN BP or circulating fluid status) What happens in the juxtaglomerular cells? Clue: what stimulus causes the release of renin? Explain action of renin - what protein does it act on? What is it converted to? Which enzymes converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2? What are the actions of angiotensin 2? Clue: stimulates adrenal context to produce what? And what effect does angiotensin 2 have on blood vessels? What causes reabsorption of Na into blood ? What effect does this have on blood volume? How is BP restored ? Explain how this relates to equation for BP ( BP= CO x TPR)
Describe how tubular reabsorption processes nutrientand salt molecules.
Diuretics cause sodium excretion. Sodium follows water. Therefore, diuretics lead to a reduction in volume (remember BP = heart rate x volume x blood vessel tone (SVR)). Since diuretics lower volume, they lower BP. When would diuretics be indicated? When would they be contraindicated?

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Principles of Anatomy and Physiology

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