Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781119662792
Author: Tortora, Gerard J., DERRICKSON, Bryan H.
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 26, Problem 14CP
Summary Introduction
To review:
The reason, due to which there is more filtration via glomerular capillaries as compared to other body capillaries.
Introduction:
The principle, on which the process of filtration is based, is that the pressure must be applied to force the fluid and solute through the membrane. The same filtration principle applies to all the capillaries in the body. However, there is a difference in the rate of filtration observed in the capillaries in the body.
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Why is there much greater filtration through glomerular capillaries than through capillaries elsewhere in the body?
Why may a larger volume of fluid move across the glomerular membrane than across the membrane of other capillaries?
What is the difference between the glomerular capillaries and the peritubular capillaries? How do these relate to afferent and efferent arterioles? Why do the efferent arterioles have oxygenated blood? (The answer isn’t “they are called arterioles, therefore they have oxygenated blood.)
Chapter 26 Solutions
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
Ch. 26 - Explain the role of each organ of the urinary...Ch. 26 - 2. What are examples of wastes that may be present...Ch. 26 - 3. Describe the location of the kidneys. Why are...Ch. 26 - 4. Identify the three layers that surround the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 5CPCh. 26 - Prob. 6CPCh. 26 - Prob. 7CPCh. 26 - Prob. 8CPCh. 26 - Prob. 9CPCh. 26 - 10. Where is the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)...
Ch. 26 - How do tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion...Ch. 26 - Prob. 12CPCh. 26 - What is the major chemical difference between...Ch. 26 - Prob. 14CPCh. 26 - Prob. 15CPCh. 26 - How is glomerular filtration rate regulated?Ch. 26 - Prob. 17CPCh. 26 - Describe two mechanisms in the PCT, one in the...Ch. 26 - 19. How do intercalated cells secrete hydrogen...Ch. 26 - Graph the percentages of filtered water and...Ch. 26 - 21. How do symporters in the ascending limb of the...Ch. 26 - 22. How does ADH regulate facultative water...Ch. 26 - Prob. 23CPCh. 26 - What are the characteristics of normal urine?Ch. 26 - Prob. 25CPCh. 26 - How may kidney function be evaluated?Ch. 26 - Prob. 27CPCh. 26 - What forces help propel urine from the renal...Ch. 26 - What is micturition? How does the micturition...Ch. 26 - 30. How do the location, length, and histology of...Ch. 26 - Prob. 31CPCh. 26 - Prob. 32CPCh. 26 - Which tissue gives rise to collecting ducts,...Ch. 26 - 34. To what extent do kidney mass and filtration...Ch. 26 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 26 - For each of the following urinalysis results,...Ch. 26 - Prob. 3CTQ
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- Which of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesarrow_forwardWhich of the following results in filtration? 1) hydrostatic pressure in the peritubular capillaries 2) hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus 3) colloid osmotic pressure in the glomerulus 4) colloid osmotic pressure in the peritubular capillariesarrow_forwardThe glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it Question options: a) is impermeable to most substances c) has a blood pressure much higher than other capillaries e) has a basement membranearrow_forward
- Why does the glomerulus have a high-pressure capillary network? Explain.arrow_forwardWhat mechanism ensures that blood pressure at the glomerulus is higher than in a tupical capillary bed?arrow_forwardIf the epithelial cells of the glomeruli were unusually leaky, what impact on the filtrate and urine production would you expect to see? What other signs or impacts would you expect?arrow_forward
- How would vasoconstriction or vasodilation of the afferent arteries affect glomerular filtration rate?arrow_forwardIs this following statement correct? In the kidney, vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole increases glomerular filtration rate, because hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries increases (much like putting your thumb over the end of a garden hose increases the pressure and causes the water to exit the hose with greater velocity and travel a greater distance).arrow_forwardWhat is unique about blood flow out of the glomerular capillaries (Hint: what vessel drains them)? How does this help to explain why the pressure in the glomerular capillaries is higher than other capillaries?arrow_forward
- The process of hydrogen ion secretion in the proximal convoluted tubule occurs via which of the following mechanisms? Choose from the following: (A) hydrogen ions diffuse out of the glomerular filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule, through extracellular fluid and into the peritubular blood (B) carbon dioxide diffuses into the proximal convoluted tubule cell from peritubular capillary blood; undergoes a chemical reaction to form carbonic acid; dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions; the hydrogen ion diffuses into the glomerular filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule (C) hydrogen ions diffuse out of the peritubular capillary blood, through extracellular fluid and into the filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule (D) carbon dioxide diffuses into the proximal convoluted tubule cell from the glomerular filtrate; undergoes a chemical reacdtion to form carbonic acid; dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions; the hydrogen ions diffuse into the peritubular bloodarrow_forwardIf the urinary excretion rate of a drug such as penicillin is greater than the rate at which it is filtered at the glomerulus, how else is it getting into the urine?arrow_forwardWhat type of capillaries are the glomerular capillaries? What is their function?arrow_forward
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