Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 25.3, Problem 4TC
Summary Introduction
To discuss:
The repeated evolution of flightlessness among birds.
Introduction:
The birds have the ability to fly. The flight offers some great advantages to birds over other animals, such as searching for food, escaping from predators, and many more.
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Ostrich wings are vestigial because they are too rudimentary to perform the function for which they evolved in the species’ flying ancestor. Nonetheless, the ostrich uses its wings for other purposes. For example, an ostrich may extend its wings to the side while running, to help maintain balance, and it may spread its wings as part of a threat display. These uses show that evolution by natural selection can sometimes repurpose vestigial structures that have lost the function for which they originally evolved. But whether a vestigial structure remains useless or acquires a new function, it is homologous to the version that retains its original function in other organisms and provides evidence of common ancestry. But are all similarities between different organisms the result of shared ancestry?
Flight in birds developed over time due to multiple evolutionary steps. The development of feathers, hollow bones, large flight muscles, and efficient gas exchange was vital for flight. Describe the order in which these adaptations likely evolved and explain your reasoning.
Flight in birds developed over time as a result of multiple evolutionary steps. The development of feathers, hollow bones, large flight muscles, and efficient gas exchange were all vital for flight. Describe the order in which these adaptations likely evolved and explain your reasoning.
Chapter 25 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 25.1 - describe the features that distinguish chordates...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 25.2 - name and describe the chordates that are not...Ch. 25.2 - name and describe the craniates that are not...Ch. 25.2 - describe the key adaptations of vertebrates?Ch. 25.3 - Most sharks avoid humans, but large sharks of some...Ch. 25.3 - With regard to water regulation (maintaining the...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 25.3 - Consider the graph shown in Figure E25-2. Imagine...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 4TC
Ch. 25.3 - describe the key features of lampreys,...Ch. 25.3 - name and describe the main subgroups included...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 1CTCh. 25 - The two groups of mammals with the largest number...Ch. 25 - Prob. 2MCCh. 25 - Prob. 3MCCh. 25 - Prob. 4MCCh. 25 - Prob. 5MCCh. 25 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 25 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 25 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 25 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 25 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 25 - Briefly describe each of the following...Ch. 25 - Prob. 2RQCh. 25 - List four distinguishing features of chordates.Ch. 25 - Prob. 4RQCh. 25 - List the adaptations that distinguish reptiles...Ch. 25 - Prob. 6RQCh. 25 - Prob. 7RQCh. 25 - Prob. 1ACCh. 25 - Prob. 2AC
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- What evidence is there that the 15 species of finch all evolved from one common ancestor? DNA analysis shows that their DNA is almost identical with only minor changes. Scientists have been studying them since Darwin in 1835 and have watched them evolve. Observation of all 15 species shows that they look incredibly similar, with minor changes to beak size and shape. These 15 species are found nowhere else in the world, and the islands are located close enough to the mainland for birds to migrate.arrow_forwardFlightless birds on island often have relative on the mainland that can fly. The island species presumably evolved from fliers that, in the absences of predators, lost their ability to fly. Many island population of flightless birds are in decline because rats have been introduced to their previously isolated island habits. Despite current selection pressure in favor of flight, no flightless island bird species has regained the ability to fly. Why is this unlikely to happen?arrow_forward1) in the future there may be more than one species of ostrich ? True or false 2)There is evidence of gene flow in the cassowary ? True or falsearrow_forward
- One of Darwin’s finches, the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis), is found on the small island of Daphne Major. These finches are seedeating birds. A major drought occurred on the island in 1977. Following the drought, the average beak size of medium ground finches had increased about 3%–4%. Why might a drought lead to an evolutionary change in beak size? Propose a hypothesis and explain how you could go about testing it.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is probably the best explanation for the fact that Antarctic penguins cannot fly, although there is evidence that millions of years ago their ancestors could do so? Group of answer choices Penguins live on land and feed in the water; therefore they have no need to fly. The Antarctic home of penguins is flat and barren; therefore there is no place to fly. Ancestral penguins did not use their wings for long periods of time; therefore today’s penguins have only tiny, nonfunctional wings. Ancestral penguins without large wings were better able to swim and feed in the water; therefore they passed their genes for shorter wings structure onto their offspring.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a change that occurred through primate evolution? a size of teeth b change in DNA c location of spinal cord entering skull d size of brainarrow_forward
- Human embryos have tails which become tail bones before birth. Tails also appear in fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals Humans also have hair and produce milk to nourish the young, which is unique to mammals. What does this indicate? a close evolutionary connection between humans and many other mammals a very distant evolutionary connection between humans and many other mammals a very distant evolutionary connection between humans and many other reptiles a close evolutionary connection between humans and many other reptilesarrow_forwardA principle of biology is that all species (past and present) arerelated by an evolutionary history. Are birds living dinosaurs?arrow_forwardDarwin theorized that all four of these finches evolved from one ancestor. Why do you think their beaks evolved?arrow_forward
- Search the Internet about the evidence suggesting that birds and dinasours are closely related. If scientist could extract DNA from dinasour fossils, how could they use the sequence to learn more about the origin of birds?arrow_forwardWhat is wrong with this statement: Birds evolved lighter bones to allowed them to fly and take advantage of open niches. All of the choices are true; none are false. It implies that the variation in the anatomy of birds did not come first, but rather the need did. It implies that there is an intent to evolution. It implies that adaptations evolve out of a need.arrow_forwardBirds and butterflies have wings they use for flying. The wings of butterflies are made of semitransparent, tough scales. Bird wings are covered with feathers. The wings of birds and butterflies did not evolve from a common ancestor that had wings. Instead, they have evolved as a result of similar environmental pressures. Which statement best explains the evolutionary relationship of birds and butterflies? Bird and butterfly wings are a result of divergent evolution because birds and butterflies did not evolve from a winged common ancestor. Bird and butterfly wings are a result of convergent evolution because birds and butterflies evolved from a winged common ancestor. Bird and butterfly wings are analogous structures because they have similar functions, are structurally different, and are a result of convergent evolution. Bird and butterfly wings are homologous structures because they have similar functions, are structurally the same, and are a result of divergent evolution.arrow_forward
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