Anatomy and Physiology
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260256000
Author: SALADIN
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 24.3, Problem 6AYLO
How the renal tubule secretes acid; why urine is normally bicarbonate-free; why acid secretion is linked to sodium reabsorption; and the roles of Na2HPO4 and NH3 in buffering urinary acid
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The presence of either protein or glucose in a urinalysis is abnormal, but these two molecules end up in the urine for different reasons. For each of these molecules, briefly describe where in the urine production process (i.e., glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption or tubular secretion) the problem occurs, and why it might happen.
Chapter 24 Solutions
Anatomy and Physiology
Ch. 24.1 - List five routes of water loss. Which one accounts...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 2BYGOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 3BYGOCh. 24.1 - Summarize the effect of ADH on total body water...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 5BYGOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 24.1 - What it means to be in a state of fluid balanceCh. 24.1 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 5AYLO
Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 6BYGOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 7BYGOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 8BYGOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 9BYGOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 10BYGOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 11BYGOCh. 24.2 - Functions of electrolytes in general: the body's...Ch. 24.2 - Physiological function of sodium; how it is...Ch. 24.2 - Physiological functions of potassium; how it is...Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 12BYGOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 13BYGOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 14BYGOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 15BYGOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 24.3 - How the bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein buffer...Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 24.3 - How the renal tubule secretes acid; why urine is...Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 24.3 - The difference between compensated and...Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 24 - The greatest percentage of the bodys water is in...Ch. 24 - Prob. 2TYRCh. 24 - increases water reabsorption without increasing...Ch. 24 - Prob. 4TYRCh. 24 - Prob. 5TYRCh. 24 - The principal determinant of intracellular...Ch. 24 - Prob. 7TYRCh. 24 - Prob. 8TYRCh. 24 - Prob. 9TYRCh. 24 - Hyperchloremia is most likely to result in a....Ch. 24 - The most abundant cation in the ECF is __________.Ch. 24 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 24 - Water produced by the bodys chemical reactions is...Ch. 24 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 24 - Any abnormal accumulation of fluid in a particular...Ch. 24 - An excessive concentration of potassium ions in...Ch. 24 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 24 - Prob. 18TYRCh. 24 - Prob. 19TYRCh. 24 - Long-term satiation of thirst depends on a...Ch. 24 - Prob. 1BYMVCh. 24 - Prob. 2BYMVCh. 24 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 24 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 24 - Prob. 5BYMVCh. 24 - para-Ch. 24 - Prob. 7BYMVCh. 24 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 24 - Prob. 9BYMVCh. 24 - vol-Ch. 24 - Prob. 1WWTSCh. 24 - Prob. 2WWTSCh. 24 - Prob. 3WWTSCh. 24 - The phosphate level in the ECF is very crucial to...Ch. 24 - Prob. 5WWTSCh. 24 - Prob. 6WWTSCh. 24 - Prob. 7WWTSCh. 24 - Prob. 8WWTSCh. 24 - In true dehydration, the body fluids remain...Ch. 24 - Prob. 10WWTSCh. 24 - Prob. 1TYCCh. 24 - Prob. 2TYCCh. 24 - Prob. 3TYCCh. 24 - Prob. 4TYCCh. 24 - Prob. 5TYC
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- Fatty tissue holds the kidneys in place. Extremely rapid weight loss may cause this tissue to shrink so that the kidneys slip from their normal position. On rare occasions, the slippage can put a kink in one or both ureters and block urine flow. Suggest what might then happen to the kidneys.arrow_forwardAs the text noted, two-thirds of the water and solutes that the body reclaims by reabsorption in nephrons occurs in the proximal tubule. Proximal tubule cells have large numbers of mitochondria and demand a great deal of oxygen. Explain why.arrow_forwardThe cells lining the nephron component marked by the black asterisk 1. bind the 'parathyroid hormone' to increase the reabsorption of calcium ions from the filtrate into peritubular capillary blood 2. Function to regulate pH of the blood by secreting bicarbonate ions and reabsorbing hydrogen ions 3. bind the hormone 'aldosterone' to increase sodium reabsorption from the filtrate (with passive reabsorption of water) Choose from the following: (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 1 and 2 (E) 2 and 3 (F) 1, 2, and 3arrow_forward
- KIDNEY FUNCTION IN REGULATION OF RENAL BLOOD FLOW, FLUIDS VOLUME AND REGULATION OF ENDOCRINEarrow_forwardRenal tubules cannot reabsorb HCO3–; yet HCO3–concentration in the tubular fluid falls while in the blood plasma itrises. Explain this apparent contradiction.arrow_forwardSodium ion reabsorption from the filtrate into peritubular blood across the cells of this component of the nephron (marked by the black asterisk) Choose from the following: (A) is regulated by the binding of the hormone aldosterone (B) is not regulated by any hormone, but is determined by sodium ion concentration and filtrate flowarrow_forward
- The reabsorption of water, Cl–, and glucose by the PCT islinked to the reabsorption of Na+, but in three very different ways. Contrast these three mechanismsarrow_forwardThose with chronic renal failure often have issues with anemia because the kidney cannot secrete sufficient levels of renin.arrow_forwardThe distal nephron is able to fine-tune sodium and water balance because it can regulate reabsorption of sodium and water independently of each other. This is unlike the proximal nephron, where an increase in sodium reabsorption will lead to an increase in water reabsorption due to the creation of an osmotic gradient and free permeability to both sodium and water. How does vasopressin affect water reabsorption in the distal nephron in response to a negative water balance? Increased circulating vasopressin increases expression of aquaporin on the luminal membrane. O Increased circulating vasopressin decreases expression of aquaporin on the luminal membrane. Decreased circulating vasopressin increases expression of aquaporin on the luminal membrane. Decreased circulating vasopressin decreases expression of aquaporin on the luminal membrane.arrow_forward
- Physiological processes are dictated by the laws of chemistry and physics. Give one example each of how a law of chemistry and a law of physics are important in understanding the regulation of renal function.arrow_forwardRenal Physiology (human) The foot processes of podocytes surround the peritubular capillaries of both cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons. Vasa recta are long, straight blood vessels associated with juxtamedullary nephrons. Canagliflozin is a therapeutic drug that acts on the collecting duct to decrease glucose reabsorption.arrow_forwardRenal is a process that yields relatively constant GFR with fluctuating blood pressure in the kidney, occurring through (two words) where the smooth muscle of the afferent arteriole constricts when stretched and a tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism which occurs when the are activated by rising NaCl concentrations and increased flow rates.arrow_forward
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