Anatomy and Physiology
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260256000
Author: SALADIN
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 24.3, Problem 7AYLO
Summary Introduction
To discuss:
Ratio of H2CO3 to HCO3– at normal pH of the blood, changes of ratio in acidosis and alkalosis, fatal effects of acidosis and alkalosis.
Introduction:
Chemical buffer: A substance that binds to hydrogen ions and removes them from a solution when the concentration of hydrogen ions begins to increase or the substance releases hydrogen ions to the solution when the concentration of hydrogen ions begins to decrease. Within a second, the normal pH of the solution is restored by the chemical buffers. The chemical buffer systems are categorized into three types namely bicarbonate, the phosphate, and the protein systems.
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Students have asked these similar questions
A 58-year-old man with medical history of diabetes mellitus. Laboratory data showed pH=7.3, PaCO2=25mmHg, HCO3-=12mmol/L, fasting blood glucose=22mmol/L. This patient might have
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
None of the above
What happens in the above patient’s body to compensate for the current condition?
Acid neutralises excess bicarbonate, and the lungs inhale CO2 as they hyperventilate
Bicarbonate neutralises acid, and the lungs inhale CO2 as they hyperventilate
Acid neutralises excess bicarbonate, and the lungs expire CO2 as they hyperventilate
Bicarbonate neutralises acid, and the lungs expire CO2 as they hyperventilate
Bicarbonate neutralises acid, and the lungs cannot compensate
Function of hyaloronic acid and where it is found naturally,
Prolonged vomiting, in which only the stomach contents are lost, leads to
Group of answer choices
metabolic alkalosis.
respiratory acidosis.
respiratory alkalosis.
metabolic acidosis.
an increased pH
Chapter 24 Solutions
Anatomy and Physiology
Ch. 24.1 - List five routes of water loss. Which one accounts...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 2BYGOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 3BYGOCh. 24.1 - Summarize the effect of ADH on total body water...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 5BYGOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 24.1 - What it means to be in a state of fluid balanceCh. 24.1 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 5AYLO
Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 6BYGOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 7BYGOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 8BYGOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 9BYGOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 10BYGOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 11BYGOCh. 24.2 - Functions of electrolytes in general: the body's...Ch. 24.2 - Physiological function of sodium; how it is...Ch. 24.2 - Physiological functions of potassium; how it is...Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 12BYGOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 13BYGOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 14BYGOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 15BYGOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 24.3 - How the bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein buffer...Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 24.3 - How the renal tubule secretes acid; why urine is...Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 24.3 - The difference between compensated and...Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 24 - The greatest percentage of the bodys water is in...Ch. 24 - Prob. 2TYRCh. 24 - increases water reabsorption without increasing...Ch. 24 - Prob. 4TYRCh. 24 - Prob. 5TYRCh. 24 - The principal determinant of intracellular...Ch. 24 - Prob. 7TYRCh. 24 - Prob. 8TYRCh. 24 - Prob. 9TYRCh. 24 - Hyperchloremia is most likely to result in a....Ch. 24 - The most abundant cation in the ECF is __________.Ch. 24 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 24 - Water produced by the bodys chemical reactions is...Ch. 24 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 24 - Any abnormal accumulation of fluid in a particular...Ch. 24 - An excessive concentration of potassium ions in...Ch. 24 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 24 - Prob. 18TYRCh. 24 - Prob. 19TYRCh. 24 - Long-term satiation of thirst depends on a...Ch. 24 - Prob. 1BYMVCh. 24 - Prob. 2BYMVCh. 24 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 24 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 24 - Prob. 5BYMVCh. 24 - para-Ch. 24 - Prob. 7BYMVCh. 24 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 24 - Prob. 9BYMVCh. 24 - vol-Ch. 24 - Prob. 1WWTSCh. 24 - Prob. 2WWTSCh. 24 - Prob. 3WWTSCh. 24 - The phosphate level in the ECF is very crucial to...Ch. 24 - Prob. 5WWTSCh. 24 - Prob. 6WWTSCh. 24 - Prob. 7WWTSCh. 24 - Prob. 8WWTSCh. 24 - In true dehydration, the body fluids remain...Ch. 24 - Prob. 10WWTSCh. 24 - Prob. 1TYCCh. 24 - Prob. 2TYCCh. 24 - Prob. 3TYCCh. 24 - Prob. 4TYCCh. 24 - Prob. 5TYC
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- Decrease in bicarbonate concentration and decrease of blood pH below 7.35 metabolic acidosis metabolic alkalosis respiratory acidosis respiratory alkalosisarrow_forwardWhy in the initial phase of fluid replacement is rapid in both isotonic and hypotonic dehydration, but it is contraindicated in hypertonic dehydrationarrow_forwardGout—a condition that results in joint swelling and pain—iscaused by the formation of sodium urate (NaC5H3N4O3) crystalswithin tendons, cartilage, and ligaments. Sodium urate precipitatesout of blood plasma when uric acid levels become abnormallyhigh. This can happen as a result of eating too many rich foodsand consuming too much alcohol, which is why gout is sometimesreferred to as the “disease of kings.” If the sodium concentration inblood plasma is 0.140 M and Ksp for sodium urate is 5.76 * 10-8,what minimum concentration of urate results in precipitation?arrow_forward
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- Metabolic acidosis is often treated by administering hydrogen carbonate intravenously. Explain how this treatment can increase blood plasma pH.arrow_forwardSecretion of with adjust blood pH on the order of hours to days. outside the kidneys via ion exchanger to merge which enters the producing kidneys. This is a description of process. carbonate Na+ acetate Kidneys H+ bicarbonate reabsorption sulfur dioxide bicarbonate bicarbonate production carbonic acid carbonic anhydrase phosphate Нeart Liver (He)2+ carbon dioxidearrow_forwardWhat actually happens in the fluid compartments of your body when you are either extremely dehydrated and have drunk and extremely large amount of water. For both cases explain why these extremes are so dangerous,how the body will attempt to compensate and what might eventually be the cause of death.arrow_forward
- Suppose a patient has chronic metabolic acidosis, perhaps from type Il diabetes. Suppose a clinic is treating the acidosis by administering bicarbonate in the blood. If the kidney's removal of bicarbonate were inconsistent, what is something simple the clinic could do to check if the dosage of bicarbonate is appropriate?arrow_forwardIn a patient with DKA and increased fixed acid production, which of these enzymes' synthesis and activity is increased to produce more NH3 for excreting the h+? Group of answer choices Carbonic anhydrase Glutaminase Hexokinase Thymidylate synthasearrow_forwardThe two most abundant cations in the ICFare and .arrow_forward
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