Renal Physiology (human)     The foot processes of podocytes surround the peritubular capillaries of both cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons.   Vasa recta are long, straight blood vessels associated with juxtamedullary nephrons.   Canagliflozin is a therapeutic drug that acts on the collecting duct to decrease glucose reabsorption.

Although the kidneys are probably best known as filtration organs, they also help control blood pressure. Explain their role in this process. please help with examples

Tab. 2. Morphological changes in the case of damage to the epithelial cells of the renal tubules (H&E micropreparations and electronograms) I. Normal epithelium of renal tubules Mark the corresponding elements in all the pictures: 1 - lumen of renal tubules 2 - nephrocyte nuclei 3- cytoplasm of nephrocytes 4- eosinophilia of the cytoplasm of nephrocytes 5- granules in the cytoplasm of nephrocytes II. Describe the morphological changes: III. Describe the morphological changes:

Nephron Model - on Green Board Efferent Arteriole Afferent Arteriole Interlobular A. & V. aka Cortical Rays Arculate A. & V.- 6 5 7 Peritubular Capillaries Vasa Recta

Diuresis is increased urinary excretion. 2-3 cups of coffee has a diuretic effect, most likely because it causes vasodilation of the afferent glomerular arteriole which leads to a change in glomerular filtration rate (how quickly/how much filtration is occurring). It also appears that caffeine has a natriuretic effect on the nephron, leading to decreased NaCl reabsorption. (from Rang et al., 2016; p594 & Shirley et al., 2002) Considering that information, describe the effects that Lacy's coffee consumption had on her hydration status

Nearly all renal diseases result in hypertension. In fact, some clinicians have a 'rule' that states "unexplained hypertension is always a result of a problem with the kidneys until proven otherwise". Briefly explain why hypertension occurs in renal disease.

There are 3 major processes that take place in the nephron. The return of substances from the tubules (filtrate) to the blood is known as _________      reabsorption.     secretion.     filtration.     autoregulation.

Students were asked to trace the path of blood entering the kidney to the formation of urine. The pathways that the students came up with are shown in the image below. Which student did not trace the pathway of blood to formation of urine correctly? Mike's Pathway efferent arteriole renal vein glomerulus loop of Henle proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) distal convoluted tubule (DCT) collecting duct renal pelvis ureter urinary bladder urethra Paula's Pathway afferent arteriole glomerulus Bowman's capsule proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) loop of Henle distal convoluted tubule (DCT) collecting duct renal pelvis ureter urinary bladder urethra

List Paragraph Normal No Spacing Styles Pane Dictate Loop diuretics inhibit the ability of kidneys to reabsorb sodium in the ascending loop. What impact would this have on urine and plasma volume and osmolarity? For each value, would it a) increase, b) decrease or c) stay the same? 田 Urine volume Urine concentration Plasma volume Plasma concentration What condition would you treat with these drugs? How would you expect hormone levels to change in response to the effect of these drugs? (Must discuss specific hormones) words English (United States) E Focus

Thiazide diuretics are a type of drug that act on the sodium transport pump in the distal convoluted tubule, used to treat hypertension and edema. They inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption by blocking this transporter. Based on your understanding, describe the effects this would have in the relevant structures and functions inside the nephron , the effect it would have on the resulting urine output , and the effect this would have on the blood throughout the body . Use specific terms and structures discussed in class in your answer.