Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 24, Problem 5RQ
Glycolysis results in the production of two ________ molecules from a single molecule of glucose. In the absence of ________, the end product of glycolysis is ________.
- acetyl CoA, pyruvate, lactate
- ATP, carbon, pyruvate
- pyruvate, oxygen, lactate
- pyruvate, carbon, acetyl CoA
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The high energy electrons that are stripped off acetyl CoA in _________are taken to the electron transport chain. As they move through the electron transport chain, these high energy electrons are pulled to lower and lower energy levels, finally combining with ________,
chemiosmotic phosphorylation; oxygen
the fermentation pathways; carbon dioxide
ATP synthase; nitrogen
the citric acid cycle; oxygen
The first step in the glycolysis pathway involves adding a phosphate group to glucose. The significance of this is:
to directly produce the first ATP molecule
to add negative groups to help keep glucose in the cell
to convert glucose into an enzyme
to prevent excess glucose from entering the cell
all of these
Glucose is a ___-carbon molecule. During glycolysis, glucose is phosphorylated and then an isomerization reaction produces fructose 6-phosphate, which is a ___ -carbon molecule. The net result of glycolysis (per glucose) is production of 2 pyruvate, which each contain ______ carbons. _________carbons from 1 pyruvate can enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl CoA. The acetyl group is combined with the______ carbons of oxaloacetate in a condensation reactions that produces citrate, a ______ -carbon molecule. Citrate is converted to isocitrate______ carbons, alpha-ketoglutarate ( _____carbons), succinyl CoA, and then succinate ( _______carbons) before several additional steps act to regenerate oxaloacetate.
Chapter 24 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 24 - A monosaccharide is formed from a polysaccharide...Ch. 24 - If anabolic reactions exceed catabolic reactions,...Ch. 24 - When NAD becomes NADH, the coenzyme has been...Ch. 24 - Anabolic reactions use energy by ________. turning...Ch. 24 - Glycolysis results in the production of two...Ch. 24 - The Krebs cycle converts ________ through a cycle...Ch. 24 - Which pathway produces the most ATP molecules?...Ch. 24 - Aerobic cellular respiration results in the...Ch. 24 - When NAD+ becomes NADH, the coenzyme has been...Ch. 24 - Lipids in the diet can be ________. broken down...
Ch. 24 - The gallbladder provides ________ that aid(s) in...Ch. 24 - Triglycerides are transported by chylomicrons...Ch. 24 - Which molecule produces the most ATP?...Ch. 24 - Which molecules can enter the Krebs cycle?...Ch. 24 - Acetyl CoA can be converted to all of the...Ch. 24 - Digestion of proteins begins in the ________ where...Ch. 24 - Amino acids are needed to ________. build new...Ch. 24 - If an amino acid is not used to create new...Ch. 24 - During the absorptive state, glucose levels are...Ch. 24 - Staivation sets in after 3 to 4 days without food....Ch. 24 - The postabsorptive state relies on stores of...Ch. 24 - The bodys temperature is controlled by the...Ch. 24 - Fever increases the body temperature and can...Ch. 24 - The heat you feel on your chair when you stand up...Ch. 24 - A crowded room warms up through the mechanism of...Ch. 24 - A deficiency in vitamin A can result in ________....Ch. 24 - Rickets results in improper bone development in...Ch. 24 - Consuming which type of food will help the most...Ch. 24 - Which of the following is stored in the body?...Ch. 24 - Describe how metabolism can be altered.Ch. 24 - Describe how Addisons disease can be treated.Ch. 24 - Explain how glucose is metabolized to yield ATP.Ch. 24 - Insulin is released when food is ingested and...Ch. 24 - Discuss how carbohydrates can be stored as fat.Ch. 24 - If a diabetics breath smeLls like alcohol, what...Ch. 24 - Amino acids are not stored in the body. Describe...Ch. 24 - Release of trypsin and chymotrypsin in their...Ch. 24 - In type II diabetes, insulin is produced but is...Ch. 24 - Ketone bodies are used as an alternative source of...Ch. 24 - How does vasoconstriction help increase the core...Ch. 24 - How can the ingestion of food increase the body...Ch. 24 - Weight loss and weight gain are complex processes....Ch. 24 - Some low-fat or non-fat foods contain a large...
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- The cholesterol synthesized by cells uses which component of the glycolytic pathway as a starting point? a. glucose b. acetyl CoA c. pyruvate d. carbon dioxidearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements best describes the products of a single molecule of Glucose, processed by Glycolysis Glycolysis produces two molecules of ATP, two molecules of NADH, and two molecules of Acetyl-CoA, per Glucose. Glycolysis produces two molecules of ATP, two molecules of NADH, and two molecules of Lactic Acid, per Glucose. Glycolysis consumes two molecules of ATP, and produces four molecules of ATP, two molecules of NADH, and two molecules of Pyruvic Acid, per Glucose. Glycolysis consumes two molecules of ATP, and produces four molecules of ATP, two molecules of NADH, and two molecules of Acetyl-CoA, per Glucose.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true regarding the process of glycolysis? It both requires the input of ATP and produces ATP. It produces ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. It is an alternative to fermentation. It involves changing 1 molecule of glucose into 1 molecule of pyruvate. It occurs in the cell membranes of bacteria.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about glucose metabolism is correct? * Red blood cells can catalyse aerobic glycolysis because they contain oxygen bound to haemoglobin. Fructose cannot be used for gluconeogenesis in the liver. Glycolysis can proceed in the absence of oxygen only if pyruvate is formed from lactate in muscle. All of the reactions of glycolysis are freely reversible for gluconeogenesis. Red blood cells can only metabolise glucose by anaerobic glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway.arrow_forwardGlycolysis results in the production of two ________ molecules from a single molecule of glucose. In the absence of ________, the end product of glycolysis is________.a. acetyl CoA, pyruvate, lactateb. ATP, carbon, pyruvatec. pyruvate, oxygen, lactated. pyruvate, carbon, acetyl CoAarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding gluconeogenesis is NOT true: It utilizes all of the same enzymes as glycolysis. It results in production of glucose from pyruvate. It consumes ATP. It involves one or more intermediates that are different from those of glycolysis.arrow_forward
- In glycolysis, _______ ATP are formed, and if sufficient oxygen is present, _______ ATP are formed.arrow_forwardWhich of the following events occurs during the energy-payoff phase of glycolysis? One carbon of a pyruvate molecule is oxidized to carbon dioxide. Oxaloacetate receives a two-carbon acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A to form citrate. Substrate-level phosphorylation Oxidative Phosphorylation In which stage of aerobic cellular respiration are FADH2 molecules produced? Pyruvate Oxidation Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Which of the following events does not occur during pyruvate processing (pyruvate oxidation)? One carbon atom of each pyruvate is oxidized to carbon dioxide. NAD+ coenzyme is reduced to NADH. The remaining two carbon atoms of pyruvate (acetyl unit) reacts with coenzyme A to produce acetyl CoA. FAD coenzyme receives two hydrogen atoms to produce FADH2.arrow_forwardGlycolysis results in the production of two ________molecules from a single molecule of glucose. In theabsence of ________, the end product of glycolysis is________.a. acetyl CoA, pyruvate, lactateb. ATP, carbon, pyruvatec. pyruvate, oxygen, lactated. pyruvate, carbon, acetyl CoAarrow_forward
- Citric acid (or citrate) is an allosteric inhibitor of one of the first enzymes in glycolysis. How, in general, will it affect cellular respiration? Glycolysis will slow down when citric acid is abundant It will compete with glucose for the active site of the enzyme. It will stop the citric acid cycle when pyruvate is abundant. All of the abovearrow_forwardIn the conversion of G3P into pyruvate at the end of glycolysis, which of the following does NOT occur? electron carriers are reduced inorganic phosphate is added to the carbon structure substrate level phosphorylation resulting in ADP à ATP carbon is released as CO2arrow_forwardWhich of the following correctly describes ATP usage in gluconeogenesis and glycolysis? O ATP is consumed by gluconeogenesis and produced by glycolysis. O ATP is consumed by both gluconeogenesis and glycolysis. O ATP is produced by gluconeogenesis and consumed by glycolysis. O ATP is produced by both gluconeogenesis and glycolysis. • Previous Nextarrow_forward
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