BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781260670929
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 24, Problem 4WIO
Summary Introduction

To determine:

The event on artificially stimulating an axon so that the threshold potential is reached midway along its length.

Introduction:

A short reversal in the membrane potential that propagates like a wave along the membrane of the axon is known as the action potential. It will arise only if a cell’s threshold potential is reached. Once the action potential begins, additional Na+ flows into the cell using the sodium channels and the membrane get a positive charge on the inside.

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In the laboratory, researchers can apply an electrical stimulus at any point along the axon, making action potentials travel in both directions from the point of stimulation. An action potential moving in the usual direction, away from the axon hillock, is said to be traveling in the orthodromic direction. An action potential traveling toward the axon hillock is traveling in the antidromic direction. If we started an orthodromic action potential at the axon hillock and an antidromic action potential at the opposite end of the axon, what would happen when they met at the center? Why?
You generate action potentials in a neuron bathed in solution in a petri dish by applying a threshold-level depolarizing stimulus near its axon hillock. If the solution surrounding the neuron contained 5mM K+, 150 mM Na+, and 0 mM Ca2+ which of the following would you expect? The neuron would not be able to propagate action potentials down the entire length of the axon The neuron would not release neurotransmitter from the axon terminal The neurons action potentials would have an unusually long duration The neuron would have a resting membrane potential of zero
You prepare a squid giant axon and inject it with a tiny volume of solution containing 0.1 M NaCl and 0.1 M KCl in which both the Na+ and K+ ions are radioactively labeled. The two labeled ions are now inside the axon. You place this axon in a beaker containing seawater medium. The voltage gated sodium and voltage gated potassium channels are completely blocked using specific inhibitors - so they are closed. Under resting conditions (no stimulation of axon), would you expect any movement of the two radiolabeled ions across the cell membrane of the axon? please explain If you now remove the voltage gated sodium channel inhibitor, and keep the voltage gated potassium channel blocked, which of the radioactively labeled ions would you expect to appear within the seawater medium, while the neuron remained at rest (no stimulation of axon). please explain

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BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT

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