Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780321934925
Author: Jeff Hardin, Gregory Paul Bertoni
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 24, Problem 24.2PS
QUANTITATIVE The Mitotic Index and the Cell Cycle. An alternative to flow cytometry is to directly examine cells under the microscope to determine the mitotic index, the percentage of cells in mitosis at any one time. Assume that upon examining a sample of 1000 cells, you find 30 cells in prophase, 20 in prometaphase, 20 in metaphase, 10 in anaphase, 20 in telophase, and 900 in interphase. Of those in interphase, 400 are found (by staining the cells with a DNA-specific stain) to have X amount of DNA, 200 to have 2X, and 300 cells to be somewhere in between. Analysis using timed applications of BrdU indicates that the G2 phase lasted 4 hours.
- (a) What is the mitotic index for this population of cells?
- (b) Specify the proportion of the cell cycle spent in each of the following phases: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, G1, S, and G2.
- (c) What is the total length of the cell cycle?
- (d) What is the actual amount of time (in hours) spent in each of the phases of part b?
- (e) To measure the G2 phase, you add BrdU to the culture at some time t, and you analyze samples of the culture for the presence of labeled nuclei at regular intervals thereafter. In which sorts of cells should you look for the first appearance of BrdU to assess the length of the G2 phase?
- (f) What proportion of the interphase cells would you expect to exhibit labeled nuclei shortly after exposure to BrdU? (Assume a labeling period just long enough to allow the BrdU to get into the cells and begin to be incorporated into DNA.)
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Mitosis Worksheet
The diagram below shows six cells in various phases of the cell cycle. Note the cells are not arranged in the
order in which mitosis occurs and one of the phases of mitosis occurs twice. Use the diagram to answer
questions 1-7.
Phases of the Cell Cycle
1)
Cells A and
early
stage of the same phase of mitosis. What phase is it?
2)
Which cell is in mg
3)
Which cell rst phas
sis?
4)
In cell A, what structure is labeled X?
5)
Which cell is in the "in between" phase of mitosis?
6)
Place the diagrams in order from first to last.
7)
Are the cells depicted plant
animal cells? Explain your answer.
8)
What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?
9)
Why is mitosis important?
MIosis
Method:
Observations of onion root tip squash.
Scan the microscope under the 10x objective. Look for the region that has large
nuclei relative to the size of the cell; among these cells will be found cells displaying
stages of mitosis. Switch to the 40X objective to make closer observations. Since
prophase and prometaphase are difficult to distinguish, classify all these cells as
prophase. Record your observations in the table provided.
Examples are shown in the figure below.
Interphase
Early Prophase
Mid Prophase
10
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Exercises:
1.
Find and draw a cell showing each stage of mitosis.
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
, 2.
What is a distinguishing visible feature of each stage of mitosis?
Interphase:
Prophase:
Metaphase:
Anaphase:
Telophase:
Many of the cells of the root meristem are not undergoing mitosis; rather they
Based upon the interpretations
3.
are in a stage called
21
mitotic index:
Interphase = 80 cells
Prophase = 9 cells
Metaphase = 5 cells
Anaphase = 2 cells
Telophase = 4 cells
The average duration for the cell cycle in this culture is known to be 20 hours. Use the data above to work out the duration of interphase and metaphase.
Chapter 24 Solutions
Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
Ch. 24 - Prob. 1QCh. 24 - Which DNA sequences are more alike: a pair of...Ch. 24 - Suppose you treat rapidly dividing tissue culture...Ch. 24 - Cyclin D is part of the G1 Cdk-cyclin complex....Ch. 24 - Both EGF (a mitogen) and TGF (when acting as an...Ch. 24 - A knockout mouse has been produced using the...Ch. 24 - Cell Cycle Phases. Indicate whether each of the...Ch. 24 - QUANTITATIVE The Mitotic Index and the Cell Cycle....Ch. 24 - Chromosome Movement in Mitosis. It is possible to...Ch. 24 - Cytokinesis. Predict what will happen in each of...
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- In order to investigate the cell cycle in HEK293 cells in culture, I ran a flow cytometry experiment. I labeled their nuclei with DAPI to analyze DNA content. In these flow cytometry plots below, label the two main phases of the cell cycle that you can see. Briefly, explain your answer.arrow_forwardMitosis In this worksheet, you will review the steps of mitosis. You will also view an onion root tip and calculate the percentage of cells at each of the stages of cell division. Stages of Mitosis Answer the following questions: 1. Which stage does each of the following occur? Chromatin condenses into chromosomes Chromosomes align in center of cell. Longest part of the cell cycle. Nuclear envelope breaks down. Cell is cleaved into two new daughter cells. Daughter chromosomes arrive at the poles. Chromatids are pulled apart 2. Answer the following questions. You can review the steps of mitosis using the following online activity https://www.oppia.org/explore/q4NBr1JG7Qrt: ● AV ● ● How many chromosomes are visible at the beginning of mitosis? How many are in each daughter cell at the end of mitosis? The little orange T shaped things on the cell are: What happens to the centrioles during mitosis? 3. Identify the stages of these cells: 2 Mitosis Internet Lesson. Provided by:…arrow_forwardObjective: To review the phases of mitosis with the understanding that in a real tissue or a non-synchronized cell culture, different mitotic phases and cells in interphase will be observed at a certain time. Interphase is the period between mitotic events; all other phases are part of mitosis and their individual probabilities add up to the total probability of seeing cells undergoing mitosis. Pay attention to the individual probabilities for cells in each phase of the cell cycle. Problem N° 10 For a certain type of animal tissue, the probability of a randomly selected cell being in a particular stage of the interphase/mitosis cycle is given by the following table: Stage Probability Interphase 0.5 Prophase 0.1 Metaphase 0.05 Anaphase 0.2 Telophase 0.15 Suppose you examine 100 cells at random from this tissue. A) How many cells do you expect to see in metaphase? _____ cells B) You have selected a high magnification (2000 X) in your…arrow_forward
- Indicate the stage of mitosis (interphase = I, prophase = P, metaphase = M, anaphase = A, telophase = T) during which each of the following events occur. chromatid doublets separate to individual chromosomescentriole replicatesreplicated chromosomes (chromatid doublets) are arranged in single file next to one another at the cell's equatornuclear membrane is disappearingspindle fibers form and become visiblecell plate (plant) or cleavage furrow (animal) forms and is visiblechromosomes are at opposite poles of the cell; cytokinesis is almost completedchromosomes (chromatids) first become visible as long thin strandsDNA (chromosome) replication occursarrow_forwardReview the events associated with each stage of mitosis in addition to the preparatory stage, interphase. List these events in table. Some events and structures occur only in plant cells and some occur only in animal cells. Mark these events in your list with an asterisk. This list can serve as an excellent study guide, so be as complete as possible. Interphase Prophase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophasearrow_forwardDiscuss the cell cycle with the aid of a diagram. 6-8 hours INTERPHASE Sphase DNA I replicated 6-10 hours G, phase Cell metabolically active; duplicates organelles and cytosolic components starts replicating G, phase Cell growth continues enzymes and other proteins are synthesized and replication of centrosomes is completed 46 hours Exit from cell cycle nondividing cell) centrosomes. MITOTIC (M) PHASE Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophasearrow_forward
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