Concept explainers
To discuss:
Effects of the aldosterone, natriuretic peptides, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and calcitriol on the nephron function.
Introduction:
In the whole of the glomerular filtrate, about 65% are reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule. The proximal convoluted tubule removes wastes present in the blood and excretes them through the urine. Due to the presence of microvilli (its greater length), the proximal convoluted tubule has the benefits of increasing its surface area for absorption. Proximal convoluted tubule cells are equipped with a rich source of large mitochondria that produce ATP, which supports active transport. Of all the calories that are consumed in a day, only 6% of ATP is needed by the proximal convoluted tubule.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 23 Solutions
Anatomy and Physiology
- For each hormone: Identify the molecule or ion, the process (reabsorb or secrete) and the location(s) in the nephron where these hormones exert their actions. Aldosterone ADH PTHarrow_forwardMany systems of the body work together to achieve homeostasis. Identify ONE part of the nephron that interacts with the endocrine system, and explain how these 2 systems work together to maintain osmoregulationarrow_forwardSodium ion reabsorption from the filtrate into peritubular blood across the cells of this component of the nephron (marked by the black asterisk) Choose from the following: (A) is regulated by the binding of the hormone aldosterone (B) is not regulated by any hormone, but is determined by sodium ion concentration and filtrate flowarrow_forward
- True or false When a substance gets actively reabsorbed, ATP is spent to power the movement of that substance without any carrier molecule from the nephron back into the blood stream. (explain why)arrow_forwardAtrial natriuretic peptide lowers blood pressure by increasing sodium reabsorption decreasing sodium reabsorption increasing sodium secretionarrow_forwardHow does adh regulate kidney function? Please include blood osmolarity, the hypothalamus, adh, permeability of kidney, homeostasis and h20 reabsorption increasing in the explanationarrow_forward
- How the kidneys metabolize carbohydrates, lipids, ans proteins and the effects that these three micromolecules have on renal functions. Examine how the gross and histological structure of the kidney facilitates urine production during 1) glomerular filtration, 2) tubular reabsorption, and 3) tubular secretion.arrow_forwardDescribe the effects of aldosterone on the renal nephrons and explain how aldosterone secretion is regulated.arrow_forwardThe reabsorption of water, Cl–, and glucose by the PCT islinked to the reabsorption of Na+, but in three very different ways. Contrast these three mechanismsarrow_forward
- Involved in countercurrent multiplication - Distal convoluted tubule - Proximal tubule - Collecting duct - Loop of henlearrow_forwardDistal convoluted tubule reobsorption of what and secrets what?arrow_forwardduring a state of hypocalcemia (low blood calcium), more calcium needs to be reabsorbed at the distal convoluted tubule. What hormone acts on the DCT to increase calcium reabsorption? parathyroid hormone, thyroid hormone, or cortisol.arrow_forward
- Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningUnderstanding Health Insurance: A Guide to Billin...Health & NutritionISBN:9781337679480Author:GREENPublisher:Cengage
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning