Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 23, Problem 4CT
A giant puffball (FIGURE 23.13C) produces trillions of spores that disperse on wind. A stinkhom (FIGURE 23.13D) makes fewer spores and they are dispersed by insects. How are these differences analgous to differences in pollen production and dispersal among plants?
C Giant puffball
D Stinkhom
FIGURE 23.13 Diverse club
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sporangiophores are interpreted as modified branches and consist of a stalk and a shield-
like portion.
Inside of the sporangium, look for the spores each with a pair of elongated appendages
called elaters. These elaters respond to changes in the humidity to aid in spore dispersal.
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Figure 6. Equisetum strobilius l.s.
Equisetum is homosporous and produces green, free-living, bisexual gametophytes. (See
text Figure 17-40 and 17-41, page 425-427.)
Photo by Carolyn Alling
Fill in Table 1 from the Bryophyte lab with information about Lycophytes, Ferns, and
Horsetails.
97
True or false
The fungal component of a lichen thallus is most often a basidiomycete.
In eucarpic thallus, the entire thallus is composed mainly of sporangia.
The tree fern, Cyathea is a eusporangiate fern.
The trophophyll vegetative frond has the same morphology and function as the sporophyll frond.
Tricolpate pollen morphology is a synapomorphy in all dicots.
Hyphal tissue comprise the medulla layer of a lichen thallus.
The Phylum Ascomycota is a monophyletic group.
Homosporous condition in the sporophyte gives rise to bisexual gametophyte.
The Phylum Basidiomycota is a paraphyletic group.
In polycentric thalli, a single zoospore will give rise to several rhizoids.
Heterothallic mycelia require two different, but compatible, mycelia to reproduce sexually.
Having a single cotyledon is a synapomorphy shared by all monocots.
The xylem vessel is considered an apomorphic feature in the monocots and eudicots.
The nuclear fusion of the dikaryotic hyphae is termed as plasmogamy.
In…
What letter in the diagram identifies the sporophyte?
Which letter in the diagram indicates the gametophyte?
What letters in the diagram indicates the gametes?
What letter in the diagram identifies the spores?
What is the part of the lifecycle labeled I?
Chapter 23 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
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- Figure 25.14 Which of the following statements about the moss life cycle is false? The mature gametophyte is haploid. The sporophyte produces haploid spores. The calyptra buds to form a mature gametophyte. The zygote is housed in the venter.arrow_forward9. Label the sporangia, indusium, leaf, and spores in Figure 4 below. 01 Figure 4. Cyrtomium leaf c.s., sorus l.s. 10. Explain the mechanism of spore dispersal in ferns with sori 11. In what way is this mechanical method of spore dispersal similar to that in the bryophytes? Photo by Carolyn Alling Most ferns produce only one kind of spore and are therefore homosporous. Upon germination, the spore, the first cell of the gametophytic generation, gives rise to a heart shaped, bisexual gametophyte, called a prothallus. 12. What type of nuclear division produces the many celled gametophyte from a spore? Examine the fern gametophytes under the dissecting scope. Note the many rhizoids emerging from the lower, or ventral, surface. Among the rhizoids you will find antheridia, some of which may contain sperm cells. Nearer the notch of the "heart" you will find the archegonia. In order to visualize their shape in three dimensions, you will have to focus up and down on the archegonia. Examine the…arrow_forwardThe fruiting body of the Basidiomycota (club fungi) is the; The mushroom (Basidiocarp) The true morels (ascocarp) The hyphaearrow_forward
- The male gametophyte of the moss looks identical to the female from the naked cye, but the photo below s. at 40x and thenat 100 x) shows that the tip contains the structures where make gametes are produced. Make a sketch of the slide at 100x and label the following structures: antheridial head, antheridium. spermsarrow_forwardFill in the blanks in the following sentences. After pollinators bring. develops into a mature (pollen grains) to a flower, sperm and egg meet, forming a which produces by meiosis. O sporophytes; zygote; male gametophyte; spores O zygotes: sporophyte; spore; male gametophytes male gametophytes; zygote; sporophyte; spores O spores; sporophyte; zygote; male gametophytes This cellarrow_forwardWhen the hyphae of two compatible club mushrooms (Basidiomycota) fuse, the result is hyphae that is; Diploid N + N Соenocytic Нaploidarrow_forward
- The male gametophyte of the moss looks identical to the female from the naked eye, but the photo below (I.s. at 4x and then at 40 x) shows that the tip contains the structures where male gametes are produced.arrow_forwardFigure 24.17 Which of the following statements is true? A basidium is the fruiting body of a mushroom-producing fungus, and it forms four basidiocarps. The result of the plasmogamy step is four basidiospores. Karyogamy results directly in the formation of mycelia. A basidiocarp is the fruiting body of a mushroom-producing fungus.arrow_forwardFigure 23.28 Which of the following statements about the Laminaria life cycle is false? In zoospores form in the sporangia. The sporophyte is the 2n plant. The gametophyte is diploid. Both the gametophyte and sporophyte stages are multicellular.arrow_forward
- Figure 14.26 If a flower lacked a megasporangium, what type of gamete would it not be able to form? If it lacked a microsporangium, what type of gamete would not form?arrow_forwardIn flowers, the structures that produce male gametophytes are called _______ ;the strcutures that produce female gametophytes are called _______ . a. pollen grains; flowers c. anthers; stigma b. stamen; carpels d. megaspores; microsporesarrow_forwarde th aci st SJ I the size, shape, and arrangement of the leaves, which are microphylls, small leaves with only one vein. Examine the roots and their relationship to the stem. In Selaginella, the roots grow downward from a leaf-bearing stem. The sporangia of the Lycopodiophyta are borne on leaves essentially similar to the sterile leaves of the plant. The sporangium bearing leaf is called a sporophyll. In Selaginella and Lycopodium, the sporophylls occur in compact aggregates called cones, or strobili. 1. Label the microphylls and strobili in the Figure 1 below. Figure 1. Lycopodium sp. Examine the prepared slide of a mature Lycopodium strobilus. (See text Figure 17-16, pages 406 and 407.) Note that Lycopodium, like most species in the Lycopodiaceae, is homosporous and only produces one type of spore. iw ow del ain 2. Label the spores in Figure 2 below. qXI 92 Laibaquari Figure 2. Lycopodium strobilus l.s. 3. Given that Lycopodium is homosporous, would you expect its gametophytes to be…arrow_forward
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