Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 22.5, Problem 2R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The occurrence of adaptive radiations when an isolated geographic area is invaded by a founder species.
Introduction:
Adaptive radiation refers to rapid diversification of organisms from a common ancestral species into a variety of new forms. This occurs due to change in the geographical environment.
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What is adaptive radiation? Explain with an example.
What is adaptive radiation? Define and provide examples.
What is Allopatric speciation?
A) When a population is separated from the main group by a barrier and becomes a new species
B) When a population mutates into a new species
C) When a population develops into a new species without any physical barriers to isolate them
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Life: The Science of Biology
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- What is Sympatric speciation? A) When a population is separated from the main group by a barrier and becomes a new species B) When a population mutates into a new species C) When a population develops into a new species without any physical barriers to isolate themarrow_forwardIncreases in species diversity arise because of A)increases in the rate of speciation. B)decreases in the rate of extinction. C)higher rates of speciation than extinction. D)All of the above The rates of extinction since the origin of life have followed which pattern? A)Gradual decrease B)Gradual increase C)No change D)Several episodes of mass extinctions, with much lower rates of fluctuating extinctions in between Which of the following statements about the outcome of the evolution of a new species through hybridization is false? A)The new species is always an intermediate of the two parent species. B)The new species may have traits that allow it to inhabit environments different from both parental species. C)The new species may have greater genetic diversity and therefore greater trait diversity than the parental species. D)All of the above How can ecological processes influence the evolution of a population? A)Ecological…arrow_forwardWhat is Macroevolution? A) The change of a population over several generations B) The history of a species from its origin C) The history of all populations and their descendantsarrow_forward
- What are adaptive radiations?arrow_forwardWhich of the following does not increase the rate of adaptive radiation? A Competition for resources. Short generation times. C)A major environmental change. Two species that produce only infertile offspring.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is likely a reason why evolutionary radiation would occur on islands? A) there are many more species on islands B) islands tend to have more favourable habitats than continents because they are moderated by the ocean C) islands may have fewer animal and plant groups and thus provide more ecological opportunities D) organisms can disperse easily across oceans E) islands often have more diverse habitats than continentsarrow_forward
- What is the ecological definition of a species? A) A group of individuals that can breed and produce viable offspring B) A group of interbreeding individuals that share the same environment C) A group of individuals that share a common ancestorarrow_forwardWhat is Speciation? A) Movement of a population from one area to another B) Becoming part of an adopted species C) Creation of a new speciesarrow_forwardErnst Mayr defined a biological species as a population whosemembers can exchange genetic material during reproduction (seechapter 14). How does horizontal gene transfer complicate thisdefinition of species?arrow_forward
- When the isthmus of Panama (land bridge that connects north and south America) arose about 3 million years ago, it caused species of fish to diverge into sister species located in either the caribean or pacific ocean. Why did they form separate species? A) Because this is an example of sympatric speciation B) Because the tides are different on each side of the land bridge C) Because different predators in each ocean caused the populations to diverge D) Because the populations were reproductively isolatedarrow_forwardWhy does geographical isolation lead to speciation?arrow_forwardSpeciation on islands is influenced by a) island gigantism b) adaptive evolution c) variation in species d) reproductive successarrow_forward
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