An experimental method to determine the traits used by the pollinators to distinguish between the different species of Columbine ( Aquilegia ) flowers. Introduction: The Columbine flowers are subdivided into various species, each differing by different flower orientation, different spur length, color, and fragrance. These characters are used by pollinators to distinguish between different species and maintain reproductive isolation of each particular species. This reproductive isolation between columbine flowers caused by the pollinators lead to the speciation of different species of columbine flowers.

Question

Flower color variation in Phlox drummondii living either in sympatry or allopatry with Phlox cuspidata has previously been studied. Phlox drummondii exist in four colors: light blue, dark blue, light red, and dark red. Each flower color is controlled by a specific combination of alleles. In allopatry, butterflies randomly pollinate Phlox drummondii flowers of all color types. In contrast, non-random pollination occurs between differently colored flowers when both Phlox species are living in sympatry. The graph depicts the relative fitness of the alleles that drive flower color in Phlox drummondii under conditions of sympatry or allopatry with Phlox cuspidata. Label each half of the graph with the term sympatry or allopatry based on the observed trend in the relative fitness of the alleles that control all four flower colors in Phlox drummondii.

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Question

Chapter 22.4, Problem 2R

Summary Introduction

To review:

An experimental method to determine the traits used by the pollinators to distinguish between the different species of Columbine (Aquilegia) flowers.

Introduction:

The Columbine flowers are subdivided into various species, each differing by different flower orientation, different spur length, color, and fragrance. These characters are used by pollinators to distinguish between different species and maintain reproductive isolation of each particular species. This reproductive isolation between columbine flowers caused by the pollinators lead to the speciation of different species of columbine flowers.

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Flower color variation in Phlox drummondii living either in sympatry or allopatry with Phlox cuspidata has previously been studied. Phlox drummondii exist in four colors: light blue, dark blue, light red, and dark red. Each flower color is controlled by a specific combination of alleles. In allopatry, butterflies randomly pollinate Phlox drummondii flowers of all color types. In contrast, non-random pollination occurs between differently colored flowers when both Phlox species are living in sympatry. The graph depicts the relative fitness of the alleles that drive flower color in Phlox drummondii under conditions of sympatry or allopatry with Phlox cuspidata. Label each half of the graph with the term sympatry or allopatry based on the observed trend in the relative fitness of the alleles that control all four flower colors in Phlox drummondii.

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