Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 22.5, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The ways, in which pollinator specialization in case of plants and sexual selection in animals increases the rates of
Introduction:
Speciation is the process by which species evolve from an ancestral population. The rate of speciation (although slow) depends on a number of factors such as diet, dispersal ability, and sexual selection.
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Chapter 22 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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- What are indirect fitness benefits of siblicide? When would an individual gain more from siblicide than from inclusive fitness benefits? When might it be worth it for a subordinate to fight to the death with its dominant sibling?arrow_forwardThe following graph depicts the relationship between the mean flower depth of Zaluzianskya microsiphon plants and the proboscis length of its long-tonged fly Disa nivea pollinator in a specific region. Zaluzianskya microsiphon O Disa nivea 60- 50 40- 30 20- 10 10 20 30 40 50 Mean fly proboscis length (mm) Based on this correlation, do you think these two species are coevolving? Why or why not? And based on the geographic mosaic theory, would you consider the region were the plants and flies live a cold or a hot spot? Explain your answer. Mean flower depth (mm)arrow_forwardOver evolutionary time, Yucca moths developed a specialist mutualism with Yucca plants. Select all the statements that reflect EITHER costs or benefits of forming this specialist mutualism The highly specialized relationship with Yuccas and Yucca Moths reduces potential competition with other pollinators The highly specialized relationship with Yuccas and Yucca Moths increases potential competition with other pollinators Yucca moths can become locally extinct if Yucca plants are removed or die The fitness of Yucca plants would be dramatically reduced if a pesticide was sprayed killing Yucca moths none of the abovearrow_forward
- What would a study of both monozygotictwins raised together and monozygotictwins raised apart tell you about environmentalinfluences?arrow_forwardWhich type of selection is represented by a population of flower that grows either short stems or long stems? Stabalizing Directional Disruptivearrow_forwardWhat is the difference between prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms? List some different types of each.arrow_forward
- The following graph depicts the relationship between the mean flower depth of Zaluzianskya microsiphon plants and the proboscis length of its long-tonged fly Disa nivea pollinator in a specific region. • Zaluzianskya microsiphon 60- O Disa nivea E 50- 물 40- 30- 20- 10- 10 20 30 40 50 Mean fly proboscis length (mm) Based on this correlation, do you think these two species are coevolving? Why or why not? And based on the geographic mosaic theory, would you consider the region were the plants and flies live a cold or a hot spot? Explain your answer. Mean flower depth (mm)arrow_forwardConsider the following case of blending inheritance. A population of plants starts out with an equal number of individuals of heights 40 and 60 cm. The parents mate randomly, and the height of an offspring is exactly equal to the average height of its parents. What is the probability that a 60-cm tall plant mates with a 60-cm tall plant, and the probability that a 40-cm tall plant mates with a 60-cm tall plant?arrow_forwardWhy are species of weedy plants more likely to be r-selected than K-selected? Why are most species with large body size K-selected? What other general patterns of lifestyle are associated with either r- or K-selection?arrow_forward
- Consider a flower population that produces different sizes of blooms and depends on bees for reproduction. Large blooms attract larger bees; small blooms attract smaller bees. Describe how changes in the bee population might lead to disruptive, stabilizing, and directional selection in the flowers.arrow_forwardIf self-fertilization causes lower fitness than cross-fertilization, under what environmental conditions would self-fertilization be the superior strategy?arrow_forwardThe crab spider, Thomisus spectabilis, sits on flowers and preys upon visiting honeybees. Do honeybees distinguish between flowers that have crab spiders and flowers that do not? To test this, Heiling et al. (2003) gave 34 bees a choice between 2 flowers: one with, and one without a crab spider. In 24 of the 34 trials, the bees picked the flower that had the spider. In the other trials, the bees chose the spiderless flower. With these data, carry out the appropriate hypothesis test (one- or two-tailed), using the normal approximation to the binomial distribution to determine Z. For a one-tailed test, use the formula =(1-NORM.DIST(Z,0,1,TRUE) in Excel calculate P. For a two-tailed test, use the formula =2(1-NORM.DIST(Z,0,1,TRUE). State your answer for the value of P to three decimal places, and include the leading zero. Do all of the math in Excel DO NOT round the value of Z. Substitute the cell (e.g. B1) for Z in the formula for P.arrow_forward
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