Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 22.3, Problem 5LO
Summary Introduction
To describe: The early hominins include Orrorin, Ardipithecus, Australopithecus anamensis, Au. afarensis, Au. africanus, and Au. sediba.
Concept introduction: Hominins are the group of all extinct human-like species and humans, where they showed the unique characteristic of bipedalism. Human beings and their ancestors are included under Tribe Hominini. They are the most advanced placental mammals with a large cerebrum and cerebellum.
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Students have asked these similar questions
list TWO similarities between early members of the genus Homo (e.g. H. habilis) and Homo erectus/ergaster that earlier hominins (e.g. gracile Australopithecines) do not have?
Apart from the actual physical evolution of HOMININ, there has also been an evolution in the type and method of food intake of hominins from Ardipithecus to Australopithecus and Paranthropus (so together they are both Australopithecus), to Homo habilis to Homo erectus to Neanderthals and finally to Homo sapiens. Explain this by defining the difference using the groupings I mentioned.
What is the difference between a "derived"
versus a “primitive" trait? Give an example
of both, seen in Au. afarensis.
Which of the paleoenvironment hypotheses
have been used to describe early hominin
diversity, and which have been used to
describe bipedalism?
Which anatomical features for bipedalism
do we see in early hominins? Are these
primarily obligate bipeds? Explain.
Describe the dentition of gracile and robust
australopithecines. What might these tell us
about their relative diets?
List the hominin species argued to be
associated with stone tool technologies. Are
you convinced of these associations?
Why/why not?
Chapter 22 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 22.1 - Describe the structural adaptations that primates...Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 22.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 22.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 22.2 - Distinguish among anthropoids, hominoids, and...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 22.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 22.3 - Describe skeletal and skull differences between...Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 5LOCh. 22.3 - Prob. 6LO
Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 7LOCh. 22.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 22.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 22.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 22.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 22.3 - Prob. 5CCh. 22.4 - What are the generally recognized cultural stages...Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 22 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 22 - The anthropoids are more closely related to...Ch. 22 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 22 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 22 - Scientists collectively call humans and their...Ch. 22 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 22 - Some scientists now think that fossils identified...Ch. 22 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 22 - ___________ were an early group of humans with...Ch. 22 - The modern human skull lacks (a) small canines (b)...Ch. 22 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 22 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 22 - If you were evaluating whether other early humans...Ch. 22 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 22 - EVOLUTION LINK What was the common ancestor of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 16TYUCh. 22 - Prob. 17TYUCh. 22 - Prob. 18TYU
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- Describe and discuss the importance of at least three specific skeletal features (these can be either cranial or post-cranial) that are unique to early hominins, that distinguished them from the ancestors of modern chimpanzees in 150 words?arrow_forwardExplain the change in the classification of hominids in recent years. What hominoids are we now considered to be most closely related to?arrow_forwardIdentify three novel characteristics that distinguish hominins from other apes and mammals.arrow_forward
- Which statement is NOT true about the early hominins: A) The angle of the foramen magnum on Sahelanthropus tchadensis ("Toumai") indicates a vertically oriented upper neck, a clear sign of bipedalism. B) The reconstructed skeleton of Ardipithecus ramidus ("Ardi") suggests she was adapted for bipedal walking and climbing in trees. C) Early hominins such as Sahelanthropus and Ardipithecus had small, chimp-sized brain. D) All of the above are true.arrow_forwardExplain the Evolution of the Hominins ?arrow_forwardPut the following hominins in order from the oldest to youngest in terms of when they first appear in the fossil record. The Denisovans Ardipithecus kodebba Paranthropus Australopithecus oforensis Home erectusarrow_forward
- There is a early part of the finds of the first bipedal hominid to the Ardispithecines and the Astralopithecines. From the Pre-Australopithecines like the earliest bi-pedal, the Sahelanthropus Tchadensis (7-6mya) to the Ardipithecus kadabba and Ardipithecus ramidus (5.8-4.4 mya). The ramidus was found by Tim White, UCB Professor and a big team he led. Where were these found, in Ethiopia. The later hominds, in the early period are the Australopithecines (4-1 mya) where they lost there honing, and became more committed to the ground. The Anamensis (4 mya), the Afarensis (3.6 - 3 mya) the famous one being Lucy. On average the Afrensis were aobut 5 ft tall. Lucy was 3 1/2. The Afrensis are a combination of arboreal, but much more bipedal. Kenyanthropus Platyops, and finally the Garhi. The question is which ones are in the human lineage. asaparrow_forwardWhat is both the physical and cultural evidence that Homo sapiens nenaderthalensis is an ancestral hominin to Homo sapiens sapiens (modern humans)?arrow_forwardWrite briefly about the "hobbit" species of hominin. What are the theories about its evolution? What was the species like? When and where did it exist? (Homo floresiensis)arrow_forward
- Describe three derived characteristics of mammals which are advantageous to the occupation of a variety of habitats. Identify three novel characteristics that distinguish hominins from other apes and mammals.arrow_forwardPut the following hominins in order from the oldest to youngest in terms of when they first appear in the fossil record. The Denisovans Ardipithecus kadabbe Paranthropus Australopithecus aforensis Homo erectusarrow_forwardWorking as an Anthropologist in South Africa, you’ve been given four hominin craniums and are asked to develop a new classification system. Using cranium size, the robustness of the cheek bones and brow ridges, and the prognathism of the face, how would you categorize these four skulls into species? Would you categorize all four of them as belonging to the same genus? Two geneses? Three geneses? Four geneses? Do you believe any of them are the same species? Explain how you would categorize these four specimens. Explain what features you used to categorize these specimens.arrow_forward
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