Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 22, Problem 11TYU
Summary Introduction
Concept introduction: Several fields are involved in understanding the course of human evolution such as
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The presence of homologous structures in two different groups of organisms suggests that (a) the organisms evolved from a common ancestor (b) convergent evolution has occurred (c) they belong to a polyphyletic group (d) homoplasy has occurred (e) independently acquired characters may evolve when organisms inhabit similar environments
When two organisms are very distantly related in an evolutionary sense, (a) they should have extremely similar embryonic development. (b) they must share a very recent common ancestor. (c) the sequences of DNA in their genes should be less similar (more different) than those of two more closely related organisms. (d) they should share more homologous traits than two more closely related organisms share.
Which of the following statements about convergent evolution is true?
(a) It demonstrates how similar environments can lead to different physical structures.
(b) It demonstrates how similar environments can lead to the same physical structures.
(c) It demonstrates that similarity of structures is due to descent from a common ancestor.
(d) It demonstrates that similarity of structures is due to random chance.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 22.1 - Describe the structural adaptations that primates...Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 22.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 22.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 22.2 - Distinguish among anthropoids, hominoids, and...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 22.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 22.3 - Describe skeletal and skull differences between...Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 5LOCh. 22.3 - Prob. 6LO
Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 7LOCh. 22.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 22.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 22.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 22.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 22.3 - Prob. 5CCh. 22.4 - What are the generally recognized cultural stages...Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 22 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 22 - The anthropoids are more closely related to...Ch. 22 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 22 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 22 - Scientists collectively call humans and their...Ch. 22 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 22 - Some scientists now think that fossils identified...Ch. 22 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 22 - ___________ were an early group of humans with...Ch. 22 - The modern human skull lacks (a) small canines (b)...Ch. 22 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 22 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 22 - If you were evaluating whether other early humans...Ch. 22 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 22 - EVOLUTION LINK What was the common ancestor of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 16TYUCh. 22 - Prob. 17TYUCh. 22 - Prob. 18TYU
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- What is Mount Improbable in Richard Dawkins' concept of evolution? a) A physical mountain where organisms evolve to survive at high altitudes b) A metaphorical mountain representing the difficulty of evolving complex adaptations c) A hypothetical location where new species originate d) A mountain range where convergent evolution occursarrow_forwardEvidence suggest that feathers originally evolved for some function other than facilitating flight. This implies that (choose the best answer): a) Feathers are not currently an adaptation for flight. b) There was negative frequency dependent selection for feathers. c) Adaptations can evolve via the modification of pre-existing structures for a new function. d) Feathers arose via acclimatization. e) Natural selection anticipates future need and directs evolution accordingly.arrow_forwardIf two different organisms are closely related evolutionarily, then they will (a) be similar in size. (b) share a recent common ancestor. (c) have very different DNA sequences in their genes. (d) be randomly located throughout the world.arrow_forward
- On a phylogenetic tree, the length of branches is a.) The comparison of homologous DNA and RNA sequences provided by Woese. b.) The separation of living organisms into three domains c.) The point in evolution when, based on scientific evidence, an ancestor is thought to have diverged to form two new species. d.) Proportional to the time elapsed since the split.arrow_forwardFor each of the following, indicate whether it is true or false according to the current understanding of most scientists. Put either an F or a T in each box. A) Humans and chimpanzees shared a common ancestor between 6 and 8 million years ago B) Homo sapiens were already living in Europe when the first Neanderthals arrived. C) Humans gradually evolved from ape-like creatures in a linear fashion with each species in the line slowly evolving into a more modern form. D) Early Homo sapiens interbred extensively with Neanderthals and Denisovans forming a new hybrid species. E) Homo sapiens have been the only hominin species on earth for the last 10,000 years.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is false regarding lateralgene transfer?(a) It accelerates evolution by allowing rapid acquisition ofadaptive traits.(b) It has resulted in multiple ancestral origins for some or-ganisms.(c) Laterally transfered genes are unstable and tend to belost over time.(d) Organisms in one domain have acquired genes from or-ganisms in a different domain.(e) It complicates the process of determining evolutionaryrelatedness.arrow_forward
- One compelling piece of evidence for human evolution is the fossil record, particularly the discovery of transitional fossils like Australopithecus afarensis. Lucy, discovered in 1974, provides an essential link between us humans today and our ape - like ancestors. Her head skeleton, especially the pelvis and leg bones, indicates that she walked upright, a key trait distinguishing early hominins from other primates. This evidence is compelling because it directly shows us physical adaptations in ancient species from millions of years ago that align with the evolutionary theory of bipedalism. Supporting this theory the gradual changes observed in the fossil record, from ape- like traits to more human-like features, offer concrete, sequentially proof of how humans have evolved over the years.arrow_forwardDarwin emphasized that evolution via natural selection leads only to a) progress as defined by increasing heterogeneity. b) higher and lower forms within the same species of organism. c) the establishment of some societies that are more civilized than others. d) increasing adaptation between organisms and their given environment.arrow_forwardDarwin's studies of Galapagos finches are well known in the study of evolution. These studies have been instrumental in helping us understand how new species evolved from pre-existing species. Which statement is true about the speciation of the Galapagos finches? A) The finches evolved traits to help them survive in different environments. B) The finches had different traits that influenced the environment in which they chose to live. C) Genetic variation occurred amongst the finches, giving some a genetic advantage in a changing environment, allowing them to better survive. D) Members of the original population evolved in such a way that it became impossible for individuals from the two new populations to interbreed. not graded use photoarrow_forward
- World's shortest man dies in Italy 2010/03/16 11:14:00 http://www.thestar.com/news/world/article/780490-world-s-shortest-man-dies-in-italy ROME-The world's LK shortest man has died in Italy, where he was to take part in a TV show, the program's production company said Tuesday. He Pingping, of China, who was 2 feet, 5.37 inches (74.6 centimetres) tall, had become a recognized figure across the world, often taking part in shows, photo shoots and other events, Guinness World Records said. In a file picture taken on Jan. 14, 2010 the shortest man in the world He Pingping,. left holds onto the finger of the world's tallest man, Sultan Kösen during the launch of the Guinness World Records live roadshow in Istanbu. MUSTAFA OZERIAFPIGetty Imagesarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true of natural selection?(a) natural selection acts to preserve favorable traits and eliminate unfavorable traits (b) the offspring of individuals that are better adapted to the environment will make up a larger proportion of the next generation (c) natural selection directs the course of evolution by preserving the traitsacquired during an individual’s lifetime (d) natural selection Test Your Understanding acts on a population’s genetic variability, which arisesthrough mutation (e) natural selection may result in changes in allele frequencies in a populationarrow_forwardTraits that are inherited and improve an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce are called traits. (a) adaptive (b) polymorphic (c) biological (d) sympatric (e) allopatricarrow_forward
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