Prescott's Microbiology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260211887
Author: WILLEY, Sandman, Wood
Publisher: McGraw Hill
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Chapter 22.2, Problem 2MI
MICRO INQUIRY Identify the reactions that contribute to substrate-level phosphorylation and those that might contribute to ATP synthesis by a membrane-bound ATP synthase.
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Organisms must do tasks in order to survive. This work requires either light for photosynthesis or the chemical potential energy of organic molecules as an energy input. Explain the necessity for energy in living organisms and provide two (2) examples. Explain the oxidative phosphorylation process, particularly the involvement of oxygen. Discuss the generation of a low yield of ATP from anaerobic respiration and the formation of lactate in mammals.
Describe the chemiosmotic coupling mechanism. Draw a simple picture illustrating this mechanism and how ATP is synthesized in mitochondria. Label the components.
Describe the key characteristics of oxidative phosphorylation and substrate level phosphorylation.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 22.1 - What would Rhodospirillum rubrum use for carbon...Ch. 22.1 - How are bacterial cysts different from the...Ch. 22.1 - If Caulobacter bacteria were grown in a...Ch. 22.1 - What steps are also found in the TCA cycle? What...Ch. 22.1 - Why do nitrifying microbes possess intracellular...Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 6MICh. 22.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 22.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 22.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 22.1 - Compare and contrast the life cycle of members of...
Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 5CCCh. 22.1 - Prob. 6CCCh. 22.1 - Prob. 7CCCh. 22.1 - Prob. 8CCCh. 22.2 - MICRO INQUIRY Suggest why N. europaea has PTS...Ch. 22.2 - MICRO INQUIRY Identify the reactions that...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 22.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 22.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 22.2 - How do colorless sulfur bacteria obtain energy by...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 5CCCh. 22.3 - Prob. 1MICh. 22.3 - Prob. 2MICh. 22.3 - Prob. 3MICh. 22.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 22.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 22.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 22.3 - Prob. 4CCCh. 22.3 - Prob. 5CCCh. 22.3 - Prob. 6CCCh. 22.3 - Prob. 7CCCh. 22.4 - Prob. 1MICh. 22.4 - What general features are common to most...Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 22.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 22.4 - Characterize Bdellovibrio spp. and outline the...Ch. 22.4 - Compare the growth of a myxobacterium in...Ch. 22.5 - What property unifies -proteobacteria?Ch. 22.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 22.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 22 - Prob. 1RCCh. 22 - Prob. 2RCCh. 22 - Prob. 3RCCh. 22 - Prob. 4RCCh. 22 - Prob. 5RCCh. 22 - Prob. 6RCCh. 22 - Prob. 7RCCh. 22 - Prob. 8RCCh. 22 - Prob. 9RCCh. 22 - Prob. 1ALCh. 22 - Prob. 2ALCh. 22 - Prob. 3ALCh. 22 - Prob. 4ALCh. 22 - Prob. 5ALCh. 22 - Prob. 6ALCh. 22 - Prob. 7ALCh. 22 - Prob. 8ALCh. 22 - Prob. 9AL
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- Explain the major difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.arrow_forwardSummarize the major features of Embeden-Meyerhof, pathway. Mention the starting points, the products of the pathway, the ATP yield and the metabolic role of the pathway.arrow_forwardCompare and contrast the interrelationships between anabolism and catabolism. Be sure to mention that catabolism provides the building blocks and energy for anabolism What is the energy source and carbon source for each of the following: Photoheterotroph, Chemoheterotroph, and Chemoautotroph.arrow_forward
- Biochemists working with isolated mitochondria recognize five energy“states” of mitochondria, depending on the presence or absence of essential substrates for respiration—O2, ADP, oxidizable substrates, and so forth. The characteristics of each state are:state 1: mitochondria alone (in buffer containing Pi)state 2: mitochondria + substrate, but respiration low due to lack of ADPstate 3: mitochondria + substrate + limited amount of ADP, allowingrapid respirationstate 4: mitochondria + substrate, but all ADP converted to ATP, sorespiration slowsstate 5: mitochondria + substrate + ADP, but all O2 used up (anoxia),so respiration stops(a) On the graph, identify the state that might predominate in each stage of the trace indicated with a letter. (b) To determine whether isolated mitochondria exhibit respiratory control,one determines the ratio of rates of oxygen uptake in two different states.Which states?(c) Which state probably predominates in vivo in skeletal muscle fatiguedfrom a long…arrow_forwardChemolithotrophs meet their energy needs by oxidizing organic food molecules. True False Which of the following events does not occur during the energy-investment phase of glycolysis? Hexokinase catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate. Phosphofructokinase catalyzes the isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate. Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase cleaves Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two different three-carbon sugars. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate can be converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate with the help of the enzyme triose phosphate isomerase.arrow_forwardSelect the correct statements about cellular respiration (select all that apply) 1) Chemical energy in glucose is transformed to the form of ATP 2)The over all equation for cellular respiration is C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP 3)Cellular respiration takes place in the ribosomes 4) The phases include glycolysis, the kraft cycle, and the electron transport 5) The overall equation for cellular respiration is glucose + oxygen —> carbon monoxide + water + ADP 6) The phases include glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain 7) The breakdown of ATP drives the synthesis of glucosearrow_forward
- Classify ther following enzyme ? Creatine phosphokinasearrow_forwardQ36. The picture below shows a preparation of isolated thylakoid membranes suspended in a buffer at pH 8. The preparation is in complete darkness. Which of the following is required in order for the thylakoids to generate ATP? A. Addition of ADP and phosphate to the buffer. B. Incubation in the light plus ADP and phosphate. C. Incubation in the light plus addition of ADP, phosphate and NADP+. D. Isolated thylakoid membranes are not able to synthesize ATP.arrow_forwardWhat is a difference between Substrate-level Phosphoratation, and Oxidative Phosphoralation? Question options: Substrate-level Phosphoratation only occurs in the cytoplasm, not in the mitochondria In Oxidative Phosphorylation, ADP is oxidized, forming ATP Oxidative-level Phosphorylation only occurs in the mitochondria, not in the cytoplasm. Substrate-level Phosphorylation can only occur in the presence of oxygenarrow_forward
- Illustrate how metabolic reactions are catalyzed by speciic enzymes.arrow_forwardDescribe glucose oxidase's substrate, the substrate’s biological relevance, and identify the main interaction that governs how the substrate binds (e.g. specific salt bridges, negative/positive patches, hydrophobic pockets)arrow_forwardCHCASE Dashboard A student conducts two experiments to observe the effects of different factors on ATP production during aerobic cellular respiration. In the first experiment, the student isolates mitochondria in a test tube, adds oxygen to the test tube, and measures the amounts of ATP produced at three temperatures. In a second experiment, the student keeps the temperature the same and varies the concentration of oxygen added to the test tube for each trial, The student records all data in the table shown. Ite Ite Ite Experiment Trial Temperature Oxygen Concentration (°C) ATP Produced (mol/L) (mol/L) Iter 1 25 15 1.5 Iter 1 30 15 1.8 Item 35 15 2.6 Iter 35 25 3.5 Iter 2 2 35 35 3.8 Item 3 35 45 4.2 Based on the experiments, which statement can be concluded concerning ATP production during aerobic cellular respiration? O Increasing the temperature or the oxygen concentration improves the efficiency of ATP production during aerobic cellular respiration. O Decreasing the temperature or…arrow_forward
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