Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042282
Author: Paula Yurkanis Bruice
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 22.13, Problem 24P
Draw the mechanism for the hydroxide ion-catalyzed cleavage of fructose-l.6-bisphosphate.
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Please draw by hand. Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) catalyzes the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. The enzyme's catalytic groups are Glu 165 and His 95. In the first step of the reaction, these catalytic groups function as a base and an acid catalyst, respectively. Propose a mechanism for the reaction.
ОН
2-03Р0
ОН
dihydroxyacetone phosphate
triosephosphate isomerase
2-03РО.
H
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
FYI Glu is glutamic acid and his is histadine
Fructose in its bβ - D - pyranose form accounts for the powerful sweetness of honey. The β - D - furanose form, although sweet, is not as sweet as the pyranose form. The furanose form is the more stable form. Draw the two forms and explain why it may not always be wise to cook with honey.
If an enzyme-catalyzed reaction has a high rate at low pH and low rate at higher
pH, this implies that a group on either the enzyme or the substrate must be
for an efficient reaction.
leaving group
oxidoreductase
coenzymes
O protonated
deprotonated
The compound that consists of deoxyribose linked by an N-glycosidic bond to
N-9 of guanine is:
adenylate
deoxyguanosine
guanosine
nucleotide
guanylate
Chapter 22 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
Ch. 22.2 - Compare each of the mechanisms listed here with...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 3PCh. 22.2 - Prob. 4PCh. 22.3 - a. Draw the mechanism for the following reaction...Ch. 22.5 - Prob. 7PCh. 22.5 - Propose a mechanism for the Co2+ catalyzed...Ch. 22.6 - Prob. 9PCh. 22.7 - Prob. 10PCh. 22.7 - Prob. 12PCh. 22.7 - Prob. 13P
Ch. 22.9 - Which of the following amino acid side chains can...Ch. 22.9 - Which of the following C-terminal peptide bonds is...Ch. 22.9 - Carboxypeptidase A has esterase activity as well...Ch. 22.10 - Arginine and lysine side chains fit into trypsins...Ch. 22.10 - Explain why serine proteases do not catalyze...Ch. 22.11 - If H2 18O is used in the hydrolysis reaction...Ch. 22.11 - Draw the pH-activity profile for an enzyme that...Ch. 22.12 - The pHactivity profile for glucose-6-phosphate...Ch. 22.12 - Prob. 23PCh. 22.13 - Draw the mechanism for the hydroxide ion-catalyzed...Ch. 22.13 - What advantage does the enzyme gain by forming an...Ch. 22.13 - Prob. 26PCh. 22.13 - Prob. 27PCh. 22.13 - Aldolase shows no activity if it is incubated with...Ch. 22 - Which of the following parameters would be...Ch. 22 - Prob. 29PCh. 22 - Prob. 30PCh. 22 - Prob. 31PCh. 22 - Indicate the type of catalysis that is occurring...Ch. 22 - The deuterium kinetic isotope effect (KH2O/KD2O)...Ch. 22 - Prob. 34PCh. 22 - Co2+ catalyzes the hydrolysis of the lactam shown...Ch. 22 - there are two kinds of aldolases. Class I...Ch. 22 - Prob. 37PCh. 22 - The hydrolysis of the ester shown here is...Ch. 22 - Prob. 39PCh. 22 - At pH = 12, the rate of hydrolysis of ester A is...Ch. 22 - 2-Acetoxycyclohexyl tosylate reacts with acetate...Ch. 22 - Proof that an imine was formed between aldolase...Ch. 22 - Prob. 43PCh. 22 - a. Explain why the alkyl halide shown here reacts...Ch. 22 - Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) catalyzes the...
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- If lactose is first hydrolyzed (by addition of sulfuric acid) into its constituent monosaccharide, and then subjected to complete methylation, what methylated products do you expect?arrow_forward(a) Are galactose and mannose constitutional isomers or stereoisomers? (b) Draw the structure of galactose 1-phosphate and mannose 6-phosphate. (c) Are these two phosphates constitutional isomers or stereoisomers?arrow_forwardwhat is the structure digested by and how many reducing sugars are present ОН ОН Но OH HO Но HO- OH HO, The trisaccharide pictured could be completely digested (ie into monomers) by a beta-galactosidase and an alpha-glucosidase an alpha-galactosidase and sucrase lactase and sucrase a beta-fructosidase and lactasearrow_forward
- Draw the mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of β-maltose.arrow_forwardOne of the steps in the pentose phosphate pathway for glucose catabolism is the reaction of sedoheptulose 7-phosphate with glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate in the presence of a transaldolase to yield erythrose 4-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate. (a) The first part of the reaction is the formation of a protonated Schiff base of sedoheptulose 7-phosphate with a lysine residue in the enzyme followed by a retro-aldol cleavage to give an enamine plus erythrose 4-phosphate. Show the structure of the enamine and the mechanism by which it is formed. (b) The second part of the reaction is a nucleophilic addition of the enamine to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate followed by hydrolysis of the Schiff base to give fructose 6-phosphate. Show the mechanism.arrow_forwardTPP is a coenzyme for transketolase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a ketopentose (xylulose5-phosphate) and an aldopentose (ribose-5-phosphate) to an aldotriose (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) and a ketoheptose (sedoheptulose-7-phosphate). Notice that the total number of carbons in the reactants and products is the same (5 + 5 = 3 + 7). Propose a mechanism for this reaction.arrow_forward
- Propose a mechanism for the formation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate from dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, using hydroxide ion as the catalyst.arrow_forwardWrite the mechanism for the base-catalyzed conversion of d-fructose to d-glucose and d-mannose.arrow_forwardEsterase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of esters. It hydrolyzes esters of L-amino acids more rapidly than esters of d-amino acids. How can this enzyme be used to separate a racemic mixture of amino acids?arrow_forward
- Modify the Haworth projection for a-D-galactose provided to draw the structure for a-D-galactose 2-phosphate. CH₂OH OH H H OH H OH H H OH :□ 5arrow_forwardDeduce the structure of the disaccharide isomaltose from the following data.a. Hydrolysis yields D-glucose exclusively. b. Isomaltose is cleaved with α-glycosidase enzymes. c. Isomaltose is a reducing sugar. d. Methylation with excess CH3I, Ag2O and then hydrolysis with H3O+ forms two products:arrow_forwardExplain the Mechanism - Glycoside Hydrolysis ?arrow_forward
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