CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780136538820
Author: Taylor
Publisher: INTER PEAR
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Textbook Question
Chapter 22, Problem 4TYK
Countercurrent gas exchange in the gills of a fish
a. maintains a gradient that enhances diffusion.
b. enables the fish to obtain oxygen without swimming.
c. means that blood and water flow at different rates.
d. allows O2 to diffuse against its partial pressure gradient.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following is a true statement?
A. The concentration of oxygen in water is greater than that in air.
B. In animals with gills, ventilation helps to reduce the thickness of the
boundary layer.
C. Countercurrent flow at the gas-exchange surface results in the
diffusion gradient across surface.
D. Mammalian lungs requires the diaphragm because the lungs are
relatively stiff and filled with parabronchi.
According to the Fick equation, the fish gill is an effective gas exchange surface because...
A. It has a high blood-to-water diffusion distance
B. The total surface area of the lamellae is very large
C. The scaphognathite maintains a constant flow of water across the gill
D. The gill tissue is supported by the surrounding water
E. All of the above
Respiratory organs of invertebrates and vertebrates are similar in that
a. they use negative pressure breathing.
b. they take advantage of countercurrent flow systems.
c. they increase the surface area available for diffusion.
d. the air flows through the organ in one direction.
Chapter 22 Solutions
CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
Ch. 22 - Complete the following concept map to review some...Ch. 22 - Label the parts of the human respiratory system.Ch. 22 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 22 - Countercurrent gas exchange in the gills of a fish...Ch. 22 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 22 - What are two advantages of breathing air, compared...
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- The countercurrent exchange system for gills relies on diffusion to diffuse oxygen into the blood. This system works because the blood in the gills. a. increasing encounters [Select] b. decreasing water as the blood moves from [Select] a. arteries [Select] b. capillaries c. Veins ✰ concentrations of oxygen in the a.arteries b. capillaries to C. veins through the capillaries. This also ensures that a. less blood always has [Select] b. more c. the same amount of oxygen than the water for continued diffusion.arrow_forwardDefine the term “exchange surface” and list four common features of gas-exchange organs in animals.arrow_forwardCan you answer all the parts to this question regarding fish A: Describe countercurrent exchange in your own words. B: Describe concurrent exchange in your own words. C: Mammals have dead end sacs called “alveoli” and don’t have the super efficient countercurrent exchange system seen in fish. Why do you think countercurrent exchange is necessary for fish? (hint: think about the difference between where most mammals and fish live).arrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT a feature of a gas-exchange organ in animals? A. low surface area for gas exchange B. moist C. thin, delicate structure D. extensive blood flowarrow_forwardO2 bound to hemoglobin: a. acts the same as physically dissolved oxygen b. Comes off the hemoglobin (dissociates) more easily as you increase the oxygen partial pressure c. exerts a partial pressure d. Comes off the hemoglobin (dissociates) more easily as you increase the acidity (decrease the pH) e. all the options are correct 2. Air convection in mammals is driven by a smaller pressure gradient than blood convection because: a. Bronchioles have a greater resistance to flow than arterioles b. bronchioles tend to have a smaller radius than arterioles and capillaries c. air is easier to move with pressure gradients than blood d. air generally travels farther in your body than does blood e. air is heavier than blood 3. The rate of diffusion of gases is NOT determined by which of the following? a. The area of the surface across which diffusion is occurring b. The mechanical energy…arrow_forwardIn insects, O₂ moves from the gas exchange surface to the cells primarily by: A. Diffusion B. Active transport C. Convection D. Conduction E. None of the abovearrow_forward
- You receive animal care and use committee approval to catch a fish, prop open its operculum (gill cover), tie a string around its tail, and tow it backwards through the water for experimental purposes. The fish is then released unharmed. This action forces water to flow backwards over the gill filaments and in between the gill lamellae. What effect would this backwards water flow have on respiration? It would reduce efficiency of gas exchange between water and blood The only effect would be due to the fish's discomfort from this treatment. O It would improve efficiency of gas exchange between water and bloodarrow_forwardSharks and bony fishes approach or achieve neutral buoyancy in different ways. Describe the methods evolved in each group. Why must a teleost fish adjust the gas volume in its swim blad-der when it swims upward or downward? How is gas volume adjusted?arrow_forwardDescribe some structural and functional features that are commonto all gas-exchange surfaces in animals.arrow_forward
- Interactions between the cardiovascular and respiratory system provide oxygen to the body.a. Describe the path of blood through the heart, including arteries and veins. Start at the blood entering the heart from the body. Indicate when blood is oxygenated and deoxygenated.b. Oxygen is transported by hemoglobin. Describe how pH affects the deposition of oxygen in tissues c. What are two sources of oxygen stores in the body to allow for rapid use when undergoing physical exertion? d. Which chamber of the heart is the most muscular, and why?arrow_forwardMarine mammals are able to hold their breath for extended periods underwater because a. unlike humans, they don’t hypoventilate. b. partial pressure of carbon dioxide does not increase underwater. c. myoglobin in muscle tissue provides an oxygen reserve. d. the brains of marine mammals do not have receptors that respond to impulses initiated in the aortic and carotid bodies.arrow_forwardWith unidirectional flow, fish can arrange the blood flow in their gills so that they can extract all the oxygen from the water they inhale. Explain how this is achievedarrow_forward
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