CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780136538820
Author: Taylor
Publisher: INTER PEAR
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Chapter 22, Problem 10TYK
What are two advantages of breathing air, compared with obtaining dissolved oxygen from water? What is a comparative disadvantage of breathing air?
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How does the concept of partial pressure explain the diffusion of oxygen into our blood stream? Why does this become more difficult at high altitudes?
Mechanical ventilation is indicated when the patient's spontaneous ventilation is inadequate to sustain life by hooking the patient into a mechanical ventilator. It provides breathing support until lung function is restored, delivering warm (body temperature 37° C [98.6° F]), 100% humidified oxygen at FiO2 levels between 21% to 100%.
1. Discuss the process how does positive-pressure ventilator deliver air to the lungs? List 3 risks or complications of patient who is hooked in mechanical ventilator and discuss how it is even possible.
What properties of air make it possible for humans and other mammals to breathe by tidal ventilation?
Chapter 22 Solutions
CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
Ch. 22 - Complete the following concept map to review some...Ch. 22 - Label the parts of the human respiratory system.Ch. 22 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 22 - Countercurrent gas exchange in the gills of a fish...Ch. 22 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 22 - What are two advantages of breathing air, compared...
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- A partial pressure gradient of oxygen exists between ________. a. air and lungs b. lungs and metabolically active tissues c. air at sea level and air at high altitudes d. all of the abovearrow_forwardWhat drives oxygen from the air spaces in alveoli, through tissue fluid, and across capillary epithelium? What drives carbon dioxide in the opposite direction?arrow_forwardWhen comparing the amount of oxygen gas to the amount of other gasses in air or our bodies, we use the term.. 1.) Partial pressure 2.) Gas pressure 3.) Oxygen gradient 4.) Oxygen availability 5.) Gas concentrationarrow_forward
- Which of the following is the volume of air inspired at rest? A) Total volume B) Functional residual volume C) Tidal volumearrow_forwardWhen it comes to carbon dioxide, does it go from the blood to the tissues, or does it move from the tissues to the blood? And, if so, why does it move in this way (using partial pressures)?arrow_forwardExplain the phrase, “breathing by using negative pressure” ( How do we breath using the process of Negative Pressure breathing)?arrow_forward
- (a) The partial pressure of CO2 in the lungs can be varied rapidly by the rate and depth of breathing. For example, a common remedy to alleviate hiccups is to increase the concentration of CO2 in the lungs. This can be achieved by holding one’s breath, by very slow and shallow breathing (hypoventilation), or by breathing in and out of a paper bag.Under such conditions, pCO2 in the air space of the lungs rises above normal. Qualitatively explain the effect of these procedures on the blood pH.(b) A common practice of competitive short-distance runners is to breathe rapidly and deeply (hyperventilate) for about half a minute to remove CO2from their lungs just before the race begins. Blood pH may rise to 7.60. Explain why the blood pH increases.(c) During a short-distance run, the muscles produce a large amount of lactic acid (CH2CH(OH)COOH; K2 = 1.38 × 10 –4 M) from their glucose stores. Why might hyperventilation before a dash be useful?arrow_forwardMatch the following statements about ventilation and respiration with whether it is true or false A)intrapulmonary pressure must be higher than atmospheric pressure in order to inhale B)as the volume of a vessel increases, the pressure decreases C)the presence of a thin layer of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura allows us to increase the size of our lungs D)exhaling is an active process requiring muscle contraction E)elastic recoil decreases the volume of the lungsarrow_forwardDiscuss the relationship of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide. How does one influence the other?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is the label for the Y axis of this oxygen dissociation graph? Choose from following: (A) arterial PO2 (B) alveolar PO2 (C) atmospheric PO2 (D) percent hemoglobin saturation (oxygen) (E) percent hemoglobin saturation (carbon dioxide)arrow_forwardWe inhale oxygen when we breathe and exhale carbon dioxide. What is the oxygen used for and where does the carbon dioxide come from?arrow_forwardUsing the information below, calculate the Oxygen Diffusion Driving Force (mmHg), which is the pressure gradient that drives O₂ out of the alveoli and into the blood (calculated as PAO₂- PVO₂): Barometric Pressure at Salt Lake City, UT= 4,226 ft. (1,288 m)→→ 657 mmHg . Estimated mixed-venous PO2 of blood returning to the lungs after leaving the muscle (PvO₂) at rest, measured at Salt Lake City, UT: PvO2 = 36 mmHg O 90 mmHg O 54 mmHg O 36 mmHg O 29 mmHgarrow_forward
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