CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780136538820
Author: Taylor
Publisher: INTER PEAR
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Chapter 22, Problem 14TYK
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The importance of the training strategy in improving an athlete’s performance. Also determine the reason why some runners and cyclists prepare themselves for competition by training at high altitudes or by sleeping in a tent in which PO2 is kept artificially low.
Concept introduction:
The percentage of oxygen is fairly constant at different altitudes, but the decrease in the atmospheric pressure at high altitudes decreases the inspired oxygen partial pressure, causing gas exchange pressure at the lung site.
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like Running is training for a marathon. While training, his volume of air in each breath is 1.5 L and he takes approximately 15 breaths per minute. His total lung capacity is 5500 mL and his residual volume is 1500 mL. Ilike has a blood pH of 7.2 and his cardiac output is 4.95 L/min. His heart is pumping 172 times per minutes. Finally, his expiratory reserve volume is 750 mL. In order to increase his performance, Ilike wants an analysis of his current exercise values. Please determine the following based on the information listed above.
Blank 1: Tidal Volume
Blank 2: Vital Capacity
Blank 3: Ventilation
Blank 4: Stroke Volume
Blank 5: Inspiratory Reserve Volume:
When we change altitude, during the next few days, the body responds by adjusting Hb cooperativity. This can be accomplished by changing the concentration of 2,3-BPG in the blood.
After moving from a low altitude to a higher altitude, does 2,3,-BPG increase or decrease? Explain how this affects oxygen transport capacity
. With regard to how mountain climbers adapt to the low oxygen pressure of
higher altitudes, explain the following:
(a) Why do 2,3-BPG levels increase by two folds during mountain climbing?
(b) Why do you suppose the hemoglobin level differs between people living
on low and high altitudes?
Chapter 22 Solutions
CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
Ch. 22 - Complete the following concept map to review some...Ch. 22 - Label the parts of the human respiratory system.Ch. 22 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 22 - Countercurrent gas exchange in the gills of a fish...Ch. 22 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 22 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 22 - What are two advantages of breathing air, compared...
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- Do athletes training at high altitudes have more or less oxygen molecules per ml of blood then athletes training at low altitudes? Explain why this difference gives athletes who train at high altitudes an advantage over athletes who train only at low altitudes.arrow_forwardUnder certain circumstances, the respiratory quotient (RQ value ) for an athlete exercising intensely can rise above one. How is this possible?arrow_forwardIlike Running is training for a marathon. While training, his volume of air in each breath is 1.5 L and he takes approximately 15 breaths per minute. His total lung capacity is 5500 mL and his residual volume is 1500 mL. Ilike has a blood pH of 7.2 and his cardiac output is 4.95 L/min. His heart is pumping 172 times per minutes. Finally, his expiratory reserve volume is 750 mL. In order to increase his performance, Ilike wants an analysis of his current exercise values. Please determine the following based on the information listed above. Answe the following Blank 1: Tidal Volume Blank 2: Vital Capacity Blank 3: Ventilation Blank 4: Stroke Volume Blank 5: Inspiratory Reserve Volume:arrow_forward
- After light exercise, the oxygen consumed in recovery is approximately equal to the oxygen deficit, which is the amount of additional oxygen that would have been consumed had oxygen consumption reached steady state immediately. How is the oxygen consumed in recovery used?arrow_forwardExplain the mechanism through which the hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve changes in exercising tissues relative to those tissues at rest. How does this change affect the amount of oxygen delivered to exercising tissues?arrow_forwardCalculate the average ml of oxygen molecules in 100 ml blood in the athletes at low altitude and then in athletes in high altitude while training at high altitude. Use the following information: 1.39 ml of oxygen per gram of hemoglobin. Do athletes training at high altitudes have more or less oxygen molecules per ml of blood then athletes training at low altitudes? Explain why this difference gives athletes who train at high altitudes an advantage over athletes who train only at low altitudes.arrow_forward
- After spending a day or more at high altitude (with an oxygen partial pressure of 75 torr), the concentration of 2,3- bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) in red blood cells increases. What effect would an increased concentration of 2,3-BPG have on the oxygen-binding curve for hemoglobin? Why would this adaptation be beneficial for functioning well at high altitude?arrow_forwardWhy should the total oxygen delivery be much lower than indicated by a particular PaO2 value?arrow_forwardExplain how the following factors affect HR, SV and CO. Will it a.) Increase; b.) Decrease; c.) Stay the same Factor HR SV CO Increased venous return Exercise Increased Calcium Decreased Heart Rate Increased Sympathetic Activityarrow_forward
- During maximal aerobic exercise, exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia may result in elite endurance athletes due to which of the following? reduced venous return leads to decreased pulmonary capillary flow rate transit time through the pulmonary capillaries is much shorter oxygen diffusion capacity is no longer calculated using capillary mean PO2 lower venous O2 content increases the PO2 gradientarrow_forwardWith the Bohr effect, more oxygen is released to the tissues because: a decrease in pH weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond a decrease in pH strengthens the hemoglobin-oxygen bon Oan increase in pH strengthens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond an increase in pH weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bondarrow_forwardThere is a theory that suggests a patient with COPD might have a depression of ventilation following administration of high fiO2. Which of the following best summarizes the recommendations on how to address this concern? A. Never administer supplemental oxygen to patients with COPD as the risk of them stopping breathing is too great B. Treat acute hypoxemia with oxygen, but wean the oxygen as soon as possible C. Always double filter oxygen being delivered to a patient with COPD to ensure there are no particles that may be breathed in D. Supplement oxygen therapy with medical grade carbon dioxide to maintain dr to breathearrow_forward
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