Conceptual Integrated Science
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135197394
Author: Hewitt, Paul G., LYONS, Suzanne, (science Teacher), Suchocki, John, Yeh, Jennifer (jennifer Jean)
Publisher: PEARSON EDUCATION (COLLEGE)
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Chapter 22, Problem 44TE
To determine
To find:
Whether the continental rock is meant to be full of air if the half of the Earth’s crust is composed of oxygen.
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The average elevation of Arabian peninsula (freeboard) is f=400 m. Considering that the oceanic crust is h=5 km of thickness and the sea average depth is D= 3700 m. (pc=2700 kg/m3, po=3000 kg/m3, pm=3300 kg/m3 pw=1000 kg/m3) What is the thickness H of the continental crust. B. If the Musandam has an average elevation of 800 m. How much is the thickness below Musandam considering stacking of sedimentary layers and not erosion.
Q2.
To illustrate the tremendous pressure that exists deep underground
where granite bodies are emplaced, answer the following question.
Stone Mountain granite in Georgia has an area of 4.1 square kilometers
and was emplaced 16 km deep. If we assume that Stone Mountain
granite is present in an area that has more or less a rectangular shape
with dimensions of 1 km by 4.1 km and that it was buried under 16 km
of metamorphic rock material with a density of 2.6 g/cm³. We can
calculate the weight of metamorphic rock over the Stone Mountain
granite when it was emplaced and before erosion removed that
material.
First, we need the volume of the metamorphic rock that existed over
Stone Mountain.
The volume of a rectangular prism that represents the metamorphic
rock over Stone Mountain is length x width x height. In our case: 1 km x
4.1 km x 16 km= 65.6 km³
Now we can use the relationship: Density x Volume= Mass
However, we need to change our density units from 2.6 g/cm3 to
kg/km3, and then we…
5. The "iceberg analogy" for the isostatic equilibrium of the continental crust turns out to be quite
the relative density of icebergs versus seawater is close to the relative density of continental crust versus mantle.
Glacial ice is about 15% less dense than seawater; likewise continental crust is about 15% less dense than the
mantle. This leads to a simple rule that we can call the 1-to-8 rule: for every 1 unit of extra elevation for an
iceberg or a mountain belt, there need to be 8 units of total thickness. These iceberg examples illustrate the
idea:
an iceberg 3 meters
above sea level is
24 meters thick
an iceberg 1 meter
above sea level is
8 meters thick
an iceberg 2 meters
above sea level is
16 meters thick
3m
2m
water level
1m
>7m
14m
21m
For the following questions, apply the 1-to-8 rule, assuming continental crust in isostatic equilibrium.
a. Continental crust at sea level averages about 35 kilometers thick. (1 km = 0.6 miles.) Therefore,
in general, how thick must the crust…
Chapter 22 Solutions
Conceptual Integrated Science
Ch. 22 - In what way is Earth like a hard-boiled egg?Ch. 22 - What kind of rock is most common in the oceanic...Ch. 22 - Name and describe Earths five structural layers.Ch. 22 - Prob. 4RCQCh. 22 - Prob. 5RCQCh. 22 - Prob. 6RCQCh. 22 - Prob. 7RCQCh. 22 - Prob. 8RCQCh. 22 - Prob. 9RCQCh. 22 - Prob. 10RCQ
Ch. 22 - Prob. 11RCQCh. 22 - Prob. 12RCQCh. 22 - Prob. 13RCQCh. 22 - Prob. 14RCQCh. 22 - Which is more geologically stable place to...Ch. 22 - Prob. 16RCQCh. 22 - Prob. 17RCQCh. 22 - Prob. 18RCQCh. 22 - What elements make up 98 of the Earth by weight?Ch. 22 - Prob. 20TISCh. 22 - What two elements constitute about three-fourths...Ch. 22 - Cite the seismic evidence that Earth has a liquid...Ch. 22 - Prob. 23TISCh. 22 - Prob. 24TISCh. 22 - Prob. 25TISCh. 22 - Prob. 26TISCh. 22 - What is a magnetic reversal, and how are magnetic...Ch. 22 - Prob. 28TISCh. 22 - Prob. 29TISCh. 22 - Prob. 30TISCh. 22 - Prob. 31TISCh. 22 - Prob. 32TISCh. 22 - Prob. 33TISCh. 22 - Where do most hydrothermal vents occur? Can they...Ch. 22 - Prob. 35TISCh. 22 - A sample of basalt has a mass of 5.6 g and a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 38TSCh. 22 - Prob. 39TSCh. 22 - Prob. 40TSCh. 22 - Prob. 41TECh. 22 - You are hiking in the Grand Canyona beautiful...Ch. 22 - Prob. 43TECh. 22 - Prob. 44TECh. 22 - Space debris colliding with the young Earth...Ch. 22 - Prob. 46TECh. 22 - Is Earths inner core solid and the outer core...Ch. 22 - Prob. 48TECh. 22 - Copy the diagram which is not to scale of Earths...Ch. 22 - What is a likely cause of Earths magnetic field?Ch. 22 - Prob. 51TECh. 22 - Love waves are a type of surface wave generated by...Ch. 22 - If there were an earthquake at the North Pole,...Ch. 22 - Prob. 54TECh. 22 - Prob. 55TECh. 22 - Prob. 56TECh. 22 - Prob. 57TECh. 22 - Why does earths crust float on the mantle?Ch. 22 - Prob. 59TECh. 22 - Prob. 60TECh. 22 - Prob. 61TECh. 22 - What would happen if new crust were created faster...Ch. 22 - Prob. 63TECh. 22 - What is meant by magnetic pole reversals? What...Ch. 22 - Prob. 65TECh. 22 - Prob. 66TECh. 22 - Prob. 67TECh. 22 - Prob. 69TECh. 22 - Prob. 70TECh. 22 - Prob. 71TECh. 22 - Prob. 72TECh. 22 - Prob. 73TECh. 22 - A geologist finds an igneous rock that has large...Ch. 22 - Why do rocks made from slowly cooling magma have...Ch. 22 - Prob. 76TECh. 22 - Why are intrusive igneous rocks coarse grained?...Ch. 22 - Prob. 78TECh. 22 - Prob. 79TECh. 22 - Earths Moon has a lithosphere that is continuous,...Ch. 22 - The 1993 adventure film The Core is based on the...Ch. 22 - Play a game of fortunately/unfortunately. First,...Ch. 22 - Prob. 84TDICh. 22 - Prob. 85TDICh. 22 - Prob. 86TDICh. 22 - Prob. 87TDICh. 22 - Where does the heat in earths interior come from?Ch. 22 - How would GPS technology have been helpful to...Ch. 22 - Prob. 90TDICh. 22 - The refraction of P-waves and S-waves in Earths...Ch. 22 - Prob. 2RATCh. 22 - Prob. 3RATCh. 22 - Prob. 4RATCh. 22 - Prob. 5RATCh. 22 - Prob. 6RATCh. 22 - Prob. 7RATCh. 22 - Why is the inner core Earths most dense region? a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 9RATCh. 22 - Plate tectonics explains a how seafloor spreading...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- If we pushed the Earth closer to the Sun, it would develop a thick, CO2-rich atmosphere like Venus. All of that CO2 would come from the Earth's a. sea floor after the oceans evaporate b. mantle after the crust melts c. volcanic eruptions which would become more frequent d. polar regions after the ice caps meltarrow_forwardThe ocean is mostly heated from the top, by light from the sun. The warmer surface water doesn’t mix much with the colder deep ocean water. This lack of mixing can be ascribed to a lack ofA. Conduction. B. Convection.C. Radiation. D. Evaporation.arrow_forwardEarth's surface area is 5.10x10^8 km^2 .Earth's crust has a thickness (or depth) of 35 km and density 2.8 g/cm^3 for earth's crust. d) Silicon's concentration in earth's crust is 2.72x105grams/ton. Calculate the mass of silicon (in grams) present in earth's crust.arrow_forward
- The glaciers of Greenland have a total area of approximately 18 × 10^12 ft^2 and an average depth of 1.0 mile. What is the volume of water that would be released if all the glaciers were to melt? Given that oceans cover 70% of planet earth and the earth radius is approximately 6,371 kilometers, how much would ocean levels rise? (Neglect differences in the density between ice and water and changes in ocean coverage upon rising sea levels)arrow_forward4. An important question to consider when thinking about global warming is, "If the ice sheets near the poles melt, how much will the sea level rise?" This seems like a difficult question, given the odd shapes of both the ice sheets and the oceans. But there are some accurate approximations that allow the answer to be estimated fairly accurately with reasonably simple calculations. The crucial idea is that both the thickness of the ice sheets and the amount of sea level rise are extremely small compared to the radius of the Earth. The radius of the Earth is about 6 × 106 m-more than 6000 miles; by comparison, the ice sheet thicknesses we'll be concerned with are single-digit miles, and the sea level rises will be in dozens of feet. As a result, we can essentially ignore the curvature of the Earth when answering this question. We can imagine peeling the map of the earth off a globe and flattening it out (by making cuts, not by stretching so that we preserve the area). Then, both the ice…arrow_forward13. How deep in the crust is 10 kbar? Lithostatic pressure within the crusts results from the weight of the rocks above. Assume an average density of 2750 kg/m3. Use the equation P=p*g*h or P/(p *g)=h 23kPa/m P=pressure (e.g. kbar), p=density, g-gravity 9.8 m/s2, h= depth (m), 1 kbar=1,000 bars, 1 bar=100,000 Pa, 1 Pa=kg/(m*s2), 1 kbar =100,000,000 Pa, 1 km =1000 m. Give your answer in kilometers.arrow_forward
- Describe the temperatures you would expect if you measured the beach surface and then at a depth of 12 inches.arrow_forwardPlease answer the following questions as a reply on this Discussion If a material 10 meter in length elongates 10 mm due to increase in temperature, and undergoes further elongation due to continuing increase in temperature, what length does actually elongates, 10 meter or 10.01 meter? Defend your answer. Search entries or author Unreadarrow_forwardHEIGHT OF A CONTINENT ABOVE THE MANTLE. In the figure below, a simple model considers a continent as a block (density = 2,800 kg/m^3) floating in the mantle (density = 3,300 kg/m3). Assuming the continent is 35 km thick (the average thickness of the Earth's crust), estimate the height (in km) of the continent above the surrounding mantle. Continent (density = 2800 kg/m3) mg Mantle rock (density = 3300 kg/m³) 5.3. 7.4. 9.8 12. 17.arrow_forward
- If the earth did not have an atmosphere, would its average surface temperature be higher or lower than what it is now?arrow_forwardAbout what is the highest level of parts per million of carbon dioxide (ppm) in the air in the 400,000 years before modern time? (In other words, what level of carbon dioxide was never exceeded?)arrow_forwardWith the information from Exercise 8.25, you can calculate the average age of the ocean floor. First, find the total area of the ocean floor (equal to about 60% of the surface area of Earth). Then compare this with the area created (or destroyed) each year. The average lifetime is the ratio of these numbers: the total area of ocean crust compared to the amount created (or destroyed) each year.arrow_forward
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