Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134156415
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21, Problem 4MC
The detergent-like substance that keeps the alveoli from collapsing between breaths because it reduces the surface tension of the water film in the alveoli is called (a) lecithin, (b) bile, (c) surfactant, (d) reluctant.
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The alveolar walls are composed of two types of cells type I
and type II pneumocytes. The function of type II cells is to
O increase surface tension
O secrete surfactant
O decrease surface tension
O trap dust and other debris
O b) and c)
O b) and d)
Beginning with the alveolar space, place the following layers of the respiratory membrane into the correct order.
a) capillary basement membrane
b)interstitial tissue
c)capillary epithelial cells
d)alveolar basement membrane
e)alveolar epithelial cells
f)blood
g)fluid and surfactant in the alveolus
Which statement correctly explains why respiration rate elevates with exercise as compared to at rest.
A) oxygen from the blood diffuses into the alveoli for expulsion through exhalation at a faster rate inguinal nodes
B) oxygen from the alveoli diffuses into the capillaries for expulsion through exhalation at a faster rate
C) carbon dioxide from the alveoli diffuses into the capillaries for expulsion through exhalation at a faster rate
D) carbon dioxide from the blood diffuses into the alveoli for expulsion through exhalation at a faster rate
Chapter 21 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 21.1 - Which part of the pharynx houses the pharyngeal...Ch. 21.2 - Which structure seals the larynx when we swallow?Ch. 21.2 - Which structural features of the trachea allow it...Ch. 21.2 - What features of the alveoli and their respiratory...Ch. 21.2 - A 3-year-old boy is brought to the emergency...Ch. 21.3 - The lungs are perfused by two different...Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 8CYUCh. 21.4 - What is the driving force for pulmonary...Ch. 21.4 - What causes the intrapulmonary pressure to...
Ch. 21.4 - What causes the partial vacuum (negative pressure)...Ch. 21.4 - Premature infants often lack adequate surfactant....Ch. 21.5 - Explain why slow, deep breaths ventilate the...Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 14CYUCh. 21.6 - You are given a sealed container of water and air....Ch. 21.6 - PO2 in the alveoli is about 56 mm Hg lower than in...Ch. 21.6 - Suppose a patient is receiving oxygen by mask. Are...Ch. 21.7 - Prob. 18CYUCh. 21.7 - What is the relationship between CO2 and pH in the...Ch. 21.7 - The dotted lines in the two graphs below represent...Ch. 21.8 - Which brain stem respiratory area is thought to...Ch. 21.8 - Prob. 22CYUCh. 21.9 - An injured soccer player arrives by ambulance in...Ch. 21.9 - Prob. 24CYUCh. 21.10 - What distinguishes the obstruction in asthma from...Ch. 21 - Cutting the phrenic nerves will result in (a) air...Ch. 21 - Which of the following laryngeal cartilages is/are...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3MCCh. 21 - The detergent-like substance that keeps the...Ch. 21 - Which of the following determines the direction of...Ch. 21 - When the inspiratory muscles contract, (a) the...Ch. 21 - The nutrient blood supply of the lungs is provided...Ch. 21 - Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the...Ch. 21 - Which of the following would not normally be...Ch. 21 - Most oxygen carried in the blood is (a) in...Ch. 21 - Which of the following has the greatest...Ch. 21 - In mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration, the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 13MCCh. 21 - Prob. 14MCCh. 21 - Damage to which of the following would most likely...Ch. 21 - Prob. 16MCCh. 21 - Trace the route of air from the nares to an...Ch. 21 - (a) Why is it important that the trachea is...Ch. 21 - Briefly explain the anatomical reason why most men...Ch. 21 - The lungs are mostly passageways and elastic...Ch. 21 - Describe the functional relationships between...Ch. 21 - Discuss how airway resistance, lung compliance,...Ch. 21 - (a) Differentiate clearly between minute...Ch. 21 - Prob. 24SAQCh. 21 - (a) Define hyperventilation. (b) If you...Ch. 21 - Prob. 1CCSCh. 21 - Prob. 2CCSCh. 21 - Barbara Joley was in the bus that was hit...Ch. 21 - Barbara Joley was in the bus that was hit...Ch. 21 - Prob. 5CCSCh. 21 - Prob. 6CCSCh. 21 - Prob. 7CCS
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- What drives oxygen from the air spaces in alveoli, through tissue fluid, and across capillary epithelium? What drives carbon dioxide in the opposite direction?arrow_forwardWhat are some advantages of gas exchange in air over gas exchange in water?arrow_forwardThe respiratory components of the medulla consist of which of the following? Dorsal respiratory group Apneustic center Ventral respiratory group Pneumotaxic center 1 only 2 only 1 and 3 only 2 and 4 onlyarrow_forward
- Which of the following is the respiratory membrane composed of? A) respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts b) respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs d) alveolar sacs and alveolar ducts e) alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranesarrow_forwardWhich of the following is the respiratory membrane composed of? A) respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ductsb) respiratory b) bronchioles and alveolar sacs c ) alveolar sacs and alveolar ducts d) alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranesarrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE of airway resistance in the respiratory system? O a) Resistance increases with increasing lung volume b) Resistance decreases with increasing lung volume Oc) Resistance decreases when bronchi are exposed to acetylcholine d) Resistance increases when bronchi are exposed to norepinephrinearrow_forward
- Which of the following is the respiratory membrane composed of? A) atria and alveolar sacs B) alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes C) respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts D) respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacsarrow_forwardThe rate of diffusion would increase by? A) an increase in airway resistance B) a decrease in lung compliance C) a decrease in alveolar surface area D) a decrease in alveolar barrier thicknessarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the removal of inhaled dust from the respiratory system is FALSE? a) Particles that reach the alveoli are engulfed by macrophages O b) The epiglottis helps to protect the laryngeal inlet from small dust particles O) Goblet cells in bronchial walls secrete mucus which traps particles d) Larger particles are filtered out by nasal hairsarrow_forward
- Select the correct statement regarding the Intrapulmonary pressure A) difference of atmospheric and respiratory pressures B) it is always negative C) pressure within the alveoli of the lungs D) pressure in the space between the visceral and parietal pleuraearrow_forwardMatch the following statements about ventilation and respiration with whether it is true or false A)intrapulmonary pressure must be higher than atmospheric pressure in order to inhale B)as the volume of a vessel increases, the pressure decreases C)the presence of a thin layer of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura allows us to increase the size of our lungs D)exhaling is an active process requiring muscle contraction E)elastic recoil decreases the volume of the lungsarrow_forward
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