Organic Chemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781118875766
Author: T. W. Graham Solomons, Craig B. Fryhle, Scott A. Snyder
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 21, Problem 26P
In 1985, T. Katz (Columbia University) discovered that
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Give the product and mechanism for the following reaction. Be sure to include all mechanism arrows, lone pairs, and formal charges in your mechanism. The product is an alkene.
The Wolff–Kishner reaction uses hydrazine (H2NNH2) and hydroxide (–OH) to reduce a carbonyl to the alkane. The first steps of the mechanism convert a carbonyl to a hydrazone in a manner similar to imine formation. Draw the mechanism arrows for the reaction from the hydrazone to the alkane. Be sure to add lone pairs of electrons and nonzero formal charges to all species.
If phenoxide ion is allowed to react with 1-bromopentane, pentyl phenyl ether is obtained. However, if cyclohexane is used as the alkyl halide, the major products are phenol and cyclohexene. Explain how these products were formed.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 21 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 21.1
For each of the following...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2PPCh. 21 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 21.3 What product would you...Ch. 21 - Prob. 4PPCh. 21 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 21.5 What is the product of the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 6PPCh. 21 - Prob. 7PPCh. 21 - Prob. 8PPCh. 21 - Prob. 9PPCh. 21 - Prob. 10PP
Ch. 21 - Prob. 11PPCh. 21 - Practice Problem 21.12 What products would form...Ch. 21 - Prob. 13PCh. 21 - Prob. 14PCh. 21 - How would you synthesize each of the following...Ch. 21 - Prob. 16PCh. 21 - Predict the product(s) for each of the following...Ch. 21 - Prob. 18PCh. 21 - Prob. 19PCh. 21 - Prob. 20PCh. 21 - Prob. 21PCh. 21 - 21.22 Write a mechanism that can account for the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 23PCh. 21 - Prob. 24PCh. 21 - Prob. 25PCh. 21 - 21.26 In 1985, T. Katz (Columbia University)...Ch. 21 - When the following molecule was exposed to the...Ch. 21 - During the course of the following Stille...Ch. 21 - 1. In “The Chemistry of... Complex Cross...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2LGP
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- Bicyclo-2,5-heptadiene can be prepared in two steps from cyclopentadiene and vinyl chloride. Provide a mechanism for each step.arrow_forwardAlcohols are important for organic synthesis, especially in situations involving alkenes. The alcohol might be the desired product, or the OH group might be transformed into another functional group via halogenation, oxidation, or perhaps conversion to a sulfonic ester derivative. Formation of an alcohol from an alkene is particularly powerful because conditions can be chosen to produce either the Markovnikov or non-Markovnikov product from an unsymmetrical alkene. Using your reaction roadmap as a guide, show how to convert 4-methyl-1-pentene into 5-methylhexanenitrile. You must use 4-methyl-1-pentene and sodium cyanide as the source of all carbon atoms in the target molecule. Show all reagents needed and all molecules synthesized along the way.arrow_forwardZaitsev's Rule refers to: which alkene is favored in a product mixture O how resonance contributors stabilize cations/anions/radicals O the stereochemistry of reaction intermediates/transition states O the stability of carbocation intermediatesarrow_forward
- Why do both the following alkenes yield the same product upon reaction with hydrobromic acid? Validate with a reaction mechanism. HBr HBrarrow_forwardWhat is the major substitution product for the following reaction? Show the mechanism for the reaction.arrow_forward(dehydrobromination) A chemist carried out an elimination reaction of 1,1-dimethyl-2- bromocyclopentane. The chemist expected the reaction to yield alkene Z as product. However, alkene Z DID NOT form. Instead, three alkenes were produced: one alkene was the major product, the other two alkenes was the minor products. What was the major alkene product that formed? Br Select one: A. I B. II C. IV D. III alcohol HEAT || Z = + (HBr) IVarrow_forward
- Q4. Discuss the reagents, conditions, and mechanism of the following reactions. a) Kolbe Reaction b) Williamson synthesis c) Reimer Tiemann reactionarrow_forwardМЕСНANISMS 1,2-epoxy-1-methylcyclopentane undergoes both acid-catalyzed and base-catalyzed opening of the epoxide ring to form two different products. > Using ethanol as the solvent and an appropriate acid, show the steps in the acid catalyzed mechanism, writing structures for all products of the steps. Circle the major product(s). > Using ethanol as the solvent and an appropriate base, show the steps in the base- catalyzed mechanism, writing structures for all products of the steps. Circle the major product(s). 1,2-epoxy-1-methylcyclopentane CH3arrow_forward(c) The following reaction shows the electrophilic addition reaction between an alkene compound with hydrogen chloride, HCI. Tindak balas berikut menunjukkan tindak balas penambahan elektrofilik antara sebatian alkena dengan hidrogen klorida, HCI. CI + HCI Major product Draw the mechanism for the formation of major product.arrow_forward
- Which represents an efficient synthetic route to go from an alkane to an alkene? O elimination with NaNH2, followed by a water workup O anti-Markovnikov hydrohalogenation, followed by elimination O radical bromination, followed by elimination O hydration, followed by elimination O hydration, followed by ozonolysis of the double bondarrow_forwardShow how to control the stereochemistry and regiochemistry (orientation) of additions to alkenes to obtain the products we want.arrow_forward
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