Chapter 21, Problem 25P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formedin each of the reactions is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The Heck Mizoroki reaction is a coupling reaction between an alkene and an alkenyl or aryl halide in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a base, usually an amine, at an elevated temperature. The active palladium catalyst involved in the reaction has only two ligands, so it is coordinatively unsaturated.

Ring closing metathesis is a process in organic chemistry by which various unsaturated rings are synthesized by the intramolecular metathesis of terminal alkenes. These reactions are catalyzed by metal complexes. Grubbs’ II reagent is a ruthenium-based carbene complex used as a catalyst in ring closing metathesis. These catalysts can form di-substituted or tri-substituted alkenes.

Stille coupling is a reaction in which organotin compounds are coupled with organic halides. Here, organotin compounds are used as coupling agents. This reaction takes place in the presence of palladium catalysts.