Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042435
Author: Michael D. Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 21, Problem 1AWK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The biological impossibility of human and gorilla to mate and produce offspring.
Introduction:
The process of fertilization begins with the fusion of sperm and egg and ends with the formation of a diploid cell called zygote. Only one of the several hundred million sperms fertilizes the egg, which prevents abnormality in chromosome number in the zygote. The process of fertilization ensures that only one sperm can succeed in fusing with the egg.
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Students have asked these similar questions
how does sexual reproduction produce more complex offspring, produce a greater number of offspring, enhances the genetic variability, produce more evolutionary fit individual and Increases the survival rate of the species?
What is NOT a disadvantage of internal fertilization?
the ability to reproduce on land without needing external water
the need for more specialized reproductive structures
the production of fewer embryos
the reduction in the randomness of fertilization (less genetic variability in offspring)
In seahorses, males incubate and care for offspring. Thus, the males are more likely to be tied up in reproduction at any point in time relative to females. Which sex do you predict will be the choosey sex in this species and why?
Males -- because fewer are available to mate
Males – because male-male competition is incredibly strong
Females – because sperm are cheap to produce
Female – because the operational sex ratio is biased in their favor
Chapter 21 Solutions
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
Ch. 21 - Prob. 1QCCh. 21 - Prob. 2QCCh. 21 -
1. Why does only one sperm fertilize the egg, and...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2CRCh. 21 - Prob. 3CRCh. 21 - Describe the stages of labor and delivery.Ch. 21 - What causes the newborn to take its first breath...Ch. 21 - Prob. 6CRCh. 21 - What causes the onset of puberty (sexual...Ch. 21 - Summarize the three main hypotheses of the causes...
Ch. 21 - Prob. 9CRCh. 21 - Prob. 10CRCh. 21 - Which of the following lists the correct order of...Ch. 21 - Which of the following will result in fraternal...Ch. 21 -
3. Which of the following processes is the first...Ch. 21 - Prob. 4TYCh. 21 - Prob. 5TYCh. 21 - Prob. 6TYCh. 21 -
7. Which of the following is mismatched?
a....Ch. 21 - Prob. 8TYCh. 21 - Prob. 9TYCh. 21 -
10. Which of the following would be detrimental...Ch. 21 - Prob. 11TYCh. 21 - Prob. 12TYCh. 21 - Prob. 13TYCh. 21 - Prob. 14TYCh. 21 - Which hormone plays a critical role both in...Ch. 21 - Prob. 1AWKCh. 21 - Prob. 2AWKCh. 21 - Prob. 3AWKCh. 21 - Each year, it is estimated that over 40,000...Ch. 21 - Prob. 5AWKCh. 21 - Prob. 6AWKCh. 21 - How is it possible that one's life could be...
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- Why males, in most of the species, provide no paternal care?arrow_forwardAs described in the Biology and Society section, some species (including some endangered species) have been shown to be capable of reproduction via parthenogenesis, without participation of a mate. What implications might this have on efforts to repopulate endangered species? What drawbacks might a parthenogenesis program have on the well-being of the species it targets?arrow_forwardSome animals in captivity have reproduced without the need for a mate in a process called parthenogenesis. Examples include boas, pythons, bonnethead sharks, and komodo dragons. Initially, scientists thought this occurred because the animals were kept in optimal conditions for reproduction, but lacked access to a mate. However, scientists were surprised to discover that some species in the wild with access to mates also reproduce through parthenogenesis. An example is the pit-viper. Compare and contrast the processes of asexual reproduction through parthenogenesis and sexual reproduction for an animal such as the python. Describe the processes of i. asexual reproduction through parthenogenesis ii. sexual reproduction 2. Describe two pros and two cons of each form of reproduction. Explain each one.arrow_forward
- Polygyny is a common mating system in nature. Which one of the following scenarios is LEAST likely to result in a polygynous mating system? Male stalk-eyed flies form leks where receptive females come visit Male Neotropical giant damselfly defend water-filled tree holes, which are the oviposition sites for females. Suitable tree holes for oviposition are rare and females must mate with the resident male in exchange for access to the oviposition sites. Male Bengal tigers defend large territories that contain food sources. Female Bengal tigers visit male territories to mate. The density of the Bengal tiger is extremely low that male tigers rarely encounter more than one female in their lifetime. In the bumblebee-wolf Philanthus bicinctus, females are unreceptive until they finish constructing the long underground burrow as nest sites. Males search for locations containing a number of newly constructed burrows and attempt to control these sites against the intruders. Your cousin Peter…arrow_forwardWhy is sexual reproduction useful if only half the animals can produce offspring and two separate cells must be combined to form a third?arrow_forwardHow do different types of energy investment by females contribute to the reproductive success of a frog, a chicken, and human? Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins. Reset Help embryos have gelatinous coat and lack internal membranes internal fertilization external fertilization embryos have internal membrane invest energy to the protection of their embryos by strong shells invest energy to the gamete production invest energy to the protection of their embryos by internal development Frog Chicken Humanarrow_forward
- Why is long-term parental care not associated with having many offspring during a reproductive episode?arrow_forwardAll of the following are correct about asexual reproduction EXCEPT a) it can create numerous offspring quickly b) the offspring are genetically identical to the parent c) it enables animals living in isolation to produce without a mate d) it is advantageous when the environment is changing and the organisms is stressed.arrow_forwardFrom an evolutionary standpoint, why is sexual reproduction advantageous for the continuation of a species?arrow_forward
- Why is mating important in external fertilization of animals? A) It ensures survival of offspring B) It ensures sperm dilution C) For pleasure D) It ensures fertilizationarrow_forwardBecause the reproductive success of female Hanuman langurs (Semnopithecus entellus) is almost certainly lowered when a newly installed male kills their young infants, selection should favor countermeasures against infanticidal males. In this light, why might already pregnant females mate with a new male soon after a takeover even though they are not ovulating? What significance do you attach to the discovery that when mares are impregnated by stallions at stables away from their home locations, they will also copulate repeatedly with the males in their home stables upon their return?arrow_forwardWhat prevents an individual from mating with itself?arrow_forward
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