General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259883989
Author: by Janice Smith
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 20.6, Problem 20.17P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The reason for cellulose being water-insoluble even when it contains hydroxyl groups needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Cellulose occurs in plant cell walls giving it a rigidity. Cellulose is a
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Amylose (a form of starch) and cellulose are both polymers of glucose. What is the main structural difference between them? What roles do these two polymers have in nature?
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Chapter 20 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
Ch. 20.1 - Label the hemiacetal carbonthe carbon bonded to...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 20.1PPCh. 20.2 - Prob. 20.2PCh. 20.2 - Prob. 20.3PCh. 20.2 - Prob. 20.4PCh. 20.2 - Prob. 20.5PCh. 20.2 - Prob. 20.2PPCh. 20.2 - Prob. 20.6PCh. 20.2 - Prob. 20.7PCh. 20.3 - Prob. 20.8P
Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 20.3PPCh. 20.3 - Prob. 20.4PPCh. 20.4 - Prob. 20.5PPCh. 20.4 - Prob. 20.6PPCh. 20.4 - Prob. 20.9PCh. 20.4 - Prob. 20.10PCh. 20.5 - Prob. 20.7PPCh. 20.5 - Prob. 20.8PPCh. 20.5 - Lactose contains both an acetal and a hemiacetal....Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 20.12PCh. 20.5 - Prob. 20.13PCh. 20.5 - Prob. 20.14PCh. 20.5 - Prob. 20.15PCh. 20.6 - Prob. 20.16PCh. 20.6 - Prob. 20.17PCh. 20.7 - Prob. 20.18PCh. 20.7 - Prob. 20.19PCh. 20.8 - Prob. 20.20PCh. 20 - Prob. 21PCh. 20 - Prob. 22PCh. 20 - Prob. 23PCh. 20 - Prob. 24PCh. 20 - Prob. 25PCh. 20 - Prob. 26PCh. 20 - Prob. 27PCh. 20 - Prob. 28PCh. 20 - Prob. 29PCh. 20 - Prob. 30PCh. 20 - Prob. 31PCh. 20 - Prob. 32PCh. 20 - Prob. 33PCh. 20 - Prob. 34PCh. 20 - Prob. 35PCh. 20 - Prob. 36PCh. 20 - Prob. 37PCh. 20 - Prob. 38PCh. 20 - Prob. 39PCh. 20 - Prob. 40PCh. 20 - Prob. 41PCh. 20 - Prob. 42PCh. 20 - Prob. 43PCh. 20 - Prob. 44PCh. 20 - Prob. 45PCh. 20 - Prob. 46PCh. 20 - What product is formed when each compound is...Ch. 20 - What product is formed when each compound is...Ch. 20 - Prob. 49PCh. 20 - Prob. 50PCh. 20 - Prob. 51PCh. 20 - Prob. 52PCh. 20 - Prob. 53PCh. 20 - Prob. 54PCh. 20 - Prob. 55PCh. 20 - Prob. 56PCh. 20 - Prob. 57PCh. 20 - Prob. 58PCh. 20 - Prob. 59PCh. 20 - Prob. 60PCh. 20 - Prob. 61PCh. 20 - Prob. 62PCh. 20 - Prob. 63PCh. 20 - Prob. 64PCh. 20 - Prob. 65PCh. 20 - Prob. 66PCh. 20 - Prob. 67PCh. 20 - Prob. 68PCh. 20 - Prob. 69PCh. 20 - Prob. 70PCh. 20 - Prob. 71PCh. 20 - Prob. 72PCh. 20 - Prob. 73PCh. 20 - Prob. 74PCh. 20 - Prob. 75PCh. 20 - Prob. 76PCh. 20 - Prob. 77PCh. 20 - Prob. 78PCh. 20 - Prob. 79CPCh. 20 - Prob. 80CP
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- 2. Enzymes catalyse the degradation of biomolecules, like starch and cellulose, into simple sugar glucose. Why can humans digest starch but not cellulose?arrow_forwardAre all monosaccharides reducing sugars? Are all disaccharides reducing sugars? Explain. what other examples of qualitative tests on carbohydrates? What are glycosides and how do they form? How do cellulose and starch differ from one another?arrow_forwardExplain the method to determine the size of the ring in cellulose.arrow_forward
- It is well known that humans are able to digest amylose, but not cellulose. What structural features might be responsible this observation?arrow_forward5. Ribose's structure is ОН HO ОН ОН a) Draw using the arrow formalism the reaction of linear ribose to make a 5-membered ring. b) What is the name of the resulting functional group? c) Given that reaction of alcohols (such as RCH2OH) with carbonyls (such as HCO-R') to create this functional group is typically not thermodynamically favored, why does most ribose in water exist as a 5-membered ring? A few word answer is fine. d) AG°for this reaction is about - 5 kJ/mol. Assuming that you start with a 1 mM solution of ribose in water, what is the approximate concentration at equilibrium of (i) the linear form? (ii) The cyclic form? (A good answer should be correct within 20%, e.g. it is fine to approximate 9 mM as 10 mM, but it is not okay to approximate 0.1 mM as 1 mM.) e) This reaction creates a new stereocenter. Please indicate it with a *. f) Consider the starting point for synthesis of purines like ATP, which is PRPP (pheseboribosylevOrhesehate) НО НО LOLOH HO ОН HO OH Pyrophosphate…arrow_forwardHow can you separate trans-cinnamic acid from cellulose given the following information?arrow_forward
- Molecular formula for Fructose is C6H1206, Molecular formula for glucose is also C6H12O6. How will you describe each one of them chemically, i. Fructose is a 6- carbon containing Glucose is a 6- carbon containing... .... hexose ...hexose ii. Fructose/ glucose are Furanose/pyranose? Which is which? iii. Why is Sucrose ( a disaccharide containing glucose and fructose) is a non-reducing sugararrow_forward9. Starch is a mixture of two different polysaccharides, both composed only of D- glucose monomers. What are they called and how does their structure impact their relative solubility.arrow_forwardHow do cellulose, starch, and glycogen differ? Describe the function of each.arrow_forward
- (a) What is the empirical formula of cellulose? (b) Whatis the monomer that forms the basis of the cellulose polymer?(c) What bond connects the monomer units in cellulose:amide, acid, ether, ester, or alcohol?arrow_forward7) You encounter a bunch of cells with glucose concentration inside of 0.10 mM and they are suspended in a solution that has a glucose concentration of 0.010 mM. ww a) Will glucose travel into or out of the cells? b) What is the free energy change in kl/mol for the transport of glucose from the medium into the cell? Assume a temperature of 37 °C. 8) Explain why DNA with a higher ratio of A-T base pairs compared to G-C base pairing would have a lower melting point. 9) Ethidium bromide is a compound commonly used to visualize DNA during gel electrophoresis, though its use has been phased out due to toxicity and mutagenic concerns. This compound stains DNA by intercalating. Explain what this means in the context of DNA base pairs.arrow_forwardHow do you draw the furanose and pyranose forms of D-ribose (chemical structure)?arrow_forward
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