Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134015187
Author: John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. Peterson
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 20.4, Problem 20.3CIAP
All cells in your body contain glycoproteins (proteins with short oligosaccharide chains attached. Chapter 18) as part of the cell membrane. The carbohydrate part of a glycoprotein extends out of the membrane into the intercellular fluid and is the signaling part of the molecule. Red blood cells have specific glycoproteins that we use to specify the different blood types. Which sugars and sugar derivatives are found in all blood types? (Hint: Look closely at the sugar chains attached to each red blood cell in the diagram.)
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Cysteine proteases are enzymes that degrade proteins. You may have heard of some examples of these types of proteins before! Bromelain is an enzyme found in pineapple that is commonly used as a meat tenderizer and is the reason Jell-O with fresh pineapple will not solidify. Cysteine proteases are remarkably similar to serine proteases (like chymotrypsin), except they have a cysteine in their active site rather than a serine. Using the mechanism that we discussed for serine proteases, draw a corresponding mechanism for a cysteine protease cleaving the bond between an alanine-glycine dipeptide. Note that cysteine proteases do not require an aspartate in their active site. Also note that the cysteine is usually in its thiolate form (deprotonated) and the histidine is in its imidazolium form (fully protonated) in the resting state of the enzyme.
A ceramide with a single sugar is called?
Cerebroside
Plasmalogen
Sphingomyelin
Ganglioside
A protein is allosterically regulated by a molecule. This molecule enhances the binding affinity, and is different from the normal ligand. How would you describe this molecule?
A negative homotropic molecule
A negative heterotropic molecule
A positive heterotropic molecule
A positive homotropic molecule
Chapter 20 Solutions
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
Ch. 20.1 - Classify the following monosaccharides as an...Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 20.2PCh. 20.2 - Prob. 20.3PCh. 20.2 - Prob. 20.4PCh. 20.2 - Prob. 20.6PCh. 20.3 - D-Talose, a constituent of certain antibiotics,...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 20.8PCh. 20.3 - Draw the structure that completes the mutarotation...Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 20.10KCPCh. 20.4 - Prob. 20.11P
Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 20.12PCh. 20.4 - Prob. 20.13PCh. 20.4 - Prob. 20.1CIAPCh. 20.4 - Prob. 20.2CIAPCh. 20.4 - All cells in your body contain glycoproteins...Ch. 20.5 - Draw the structure of the and anomers that...Ch. 20.6 - Prob. 20.15PCh. 20.6 - Prob. 20.16PCh. 20.6 - Prob. 20.17KCPCh. 20.7 - Prob. 20.4CIAPCh. 20.7 - Prob. 20.5CIAPCh. 20.7 - Prob. 20.6CIAPCh. 20.7 - Prob. 20.7CIAPCh. 20.7 - Prob. 20.18PCh. 20.7 - Prob. 20.19PCh. 20.7 - Prob. 20.8CIAPCh. 20.7 - Prob. 20.9CIAPCh. 20.7 - Prob. 20.10CIAPCh. 20 - During the digestion of starch from potatoes, the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.21UKCCh. 20 - Consider the trisaccharide A, B, C shown in...Ch. 20 - Hydrolysis of both glycosidic bonds in the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.24UKCCh. 20 - Are one or more of the disaccharides maltose,...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.26UKCCh. 20 - Prob. 20.27UKCCh. 20 - Prob. 20.28APCh. 20 - What is the family-name ending for a sugar?Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.30APCh. 20 - Classify the four carbohydrates (a)(d) by...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.32APCh. 20 - How many chiral carbon atoms are there in each of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.34APCh. 20 - Prob. 20.35APCh. 20 - Name four important monosaccharides and tell where...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.37APCh. 20 - Prob. 20.38APCh. 20 - What is the structural relationship between...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.40APCh. 20 - In Section 15.6, you saw that aldehydes react with...Ch. 20 - Sucrose and D-glucose rotate plane-polarized light...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.43APCh. 20 - Prob. 20.44APCh. 20 - Prob. 20.45APCh. 20 - What is mutarotation? Do all chiral molecules do...Ch. 20 - What are anomers, and how do the anomers of a...Ch. 20 - What is the structural difference between the ...Ch. 20 - D-Gulose, an aldohexose isomer of glucose, has the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.50APCh. 20 - In its open-chain form, D-altrose has the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.52APCh. 20 - Prob. 20.53APCh. 20 - Prob. 20.54APCh. 20 - Prob. 20.55APCh. 20 - What is the structural difference between a...Ch. 20 - What are glycosides, and how can they be formed?Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.58APCh. 20 - Prob. 20.59APCh. 20 - Give the names of three important disaccharides....Ch. 20 - Lactose and maltose are reducing disaccharides,...Ch. 20 - Amylose (a form of starch) and cellulose are both...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.63APCh. 20 - Prob. 20.64APCh. 20 - Prob. 20.65APCh. 20 - Gentiobiose, a rare disaccharide found in saffron,...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.67APCh. 20 - Prob. 20.68APCh. 20 - Prob. 20.69APCh. 20 - Amylopectin (a form of starch) and glycogen are...Ch. 20 - What is the physiological purpose of starch in a...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.72APCh. 20 - Prob. 20.73APCh. 20 - Prob. 20.74CPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.75CPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.76CPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.77CPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.78CPCh. 20 - Write the open-chain structure of the only...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.80CPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.81CPCh. 20 - When a person cannot digest galactose, its reduced...Ch. 20 - Describe the differences between mono-, di-, and...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.84CPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.85CPCh. 20 - Many people who are lactose intolerant can eat...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.87GPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.88GPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.89GP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Casein is a protein found in milk. The role of casein in milk is to be a source of amino acids. Casein is therefore a amino acid storage molecule. Which carbohydrate molecule has an analogous role to that of casein? cellulose glycosylphosphatidyl inositol hyaluronic acid glycogernarrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes an L-glucose? The hydroxyl group attached to the penultimate carbon is located at the left side of the structure. The carbonyl group attached to the penultimate carbon is located at the right side of the structure. The carbonyl group attached to the penultimate carbon is located at the left side of the structure. The hydroxyl group attached to the penultimate carbon is located at the right side of the structure.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true of sphingolipids? They always contain glycerol and fatty acids. They may be charged, but are never amphipathic. They contain two esterified fatty acids. Phosphatidylcholine is a typical sphingolipid. The sphingosine backbone is O-linked to a head group.arrow_forward
- Which of the following amino acids undergoes phosphorylation? Histidine Glutamic Acid (Glutamate) Serine Isoleucinearrow_forwardProteins are often regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation reactions. What amino acid residues can be phosphorylated?arrow_forwardThe storage polysaccharide starch is a mixture of the molecules amylose (an unbranched polymer of glucose) and amylopectin (a branched polymer of glucose). Both amylose and amylopectin only have one reducing end, but amylopectin has many nonreducing ends.Enzymes that break down these molecules act on the nonreducing ends. Briefly describe why this is advantageous.arrow_forward
- There may be 50 ways to leave your lover, but, in principle, there are only three ways to make a glycerolbased phospholipid. Describe the three pathways.arrow_forwardFigure 2.17 Fatty acids. Double bonds in the tails are highlighted in red. A. The tail of stearic acid is fully saturated with hydrogen atoms. B. Linoleic acid, with two double bonds, is unsaturated. The first double bond occurs at the sixth carbon from the end of the tail, so linoleic acid is called an omega-6 fatty acid. Omega-6 and C. omega-3 fatty acids are essential fatty acids, which means your body does not make them and they must come from food. D. The hydrogen atoms around the double bond in oleic acid are on the same side of the tail. Most other naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids have these cis bonds. E. Hydrogenation creates abundant trans bonds, with hydrogen atoms on opposite sides of the tail. Figure It Out: Are the double bonds in linolenic acid cis or trans?arrow_forwardFigure 3.5 What kind of sugars are these, aldose or ketose?arrow_forward
- 1 3 6 HO-C-H CH₂OH c=0 H-C-OH I H-C-OH CH₂OH H Н Н N-C-C CH =0 он HC CH2 CH3 4 но TII H2N-C-C-ОН 7 CH2 | ОН CH₂OH ОН о о ОН ОН 8 5 2 0 0=P-0 о NH₂ N OHarrow_forwardSteroid derivatives like cholesterol are also part of the lipid family. Name three useful by-products that cholesterol can be converted into within the body.arrow_forwardWhen bonding 1 glycerol molecule, with 3 fatty acid molecules, you can build a tryglceride. In addition to the tryglyceride, can you make any other molecules in the bonding process?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...
Biology
ISBN:9781305117396
Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anaerobic Respiration; Author: Bozeman Science;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDC29iBxb3w;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY