Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The cellulose, amylose, amylopectin and glycogen have to be tabulated on the basis of their
Concept introduction:
The linkage between monosaccharides in a polysaccharide is referred to as a glycosidic linkage.
Cellulose is composed of glucose molecules linked by
Amylose is composed of glucose molecules linked by
Amylopectin is composed of glucose molecules linked by
Glycogen is composed of glucose molecules linked by
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Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
- An amylose chain is 5000 glucose units long. At how many places must it be cleaved to reduce the average length to 2500 units? To 1000 units? To 200 units? What percentage of the glycosidic links are hydrolyzed in each case? (Even partial hydrolysis can drastically alter the physical properties of polysaccharides and thus affect their structural role in organisms.)arrow_forwardTrehalose, also known as mycose, is a disaccharide found in certain mushrooms. It is composed of two a-D-glucose linked in a aa(1à1) glycosidic bond. Using Haworth projection, draw the structure of trehalose. Indicate whether it is reducing or non-reducing.arrow_forwardAn amylose chain is 5000 glucose units long. At how many places must it be cleaved to reduce the average length to 2500 units? To 1000 units? To 200 units? What percentage of the glycosidic links are hydrolyzed in each case? (Even partial hydrolysis can drastically alter the physical properties of polysaccharides and thus affect their structural role in )arrow_forward
- Identify which of the following structural polysaccharides (amylopectin, amylose, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin) fits the description given below. A specific description may apply to more than one of the polysaccharides. 1. Contains both a(1→4) and a(1→6) glycosidic linkages 2. Polymer chain is unbranched 3. Glucose derivatives are present in the polymer chain 4. Contains only ß(1→4) glycosidic linkagesarrow_forwardGentiobiose (D-Glc(ß1→6)D-Glc) is a disaccharide found in some plant glycosides. Draw the Haworth structure of gentiobiose based on its abbreviated name. Show all multiatom groups using the groups tool. Show stereochemistry using wedge (upward) or dash (downward) bonds.arrow_forwardThe structure below shows that of a trisaccharide that is composed of (going from top left to bottom right) galactose, glucose, and fructose. More specifically, the component monosaccharides are [D-galactose, L-galactose], [D-glucose, L-glucose], and [D-fructose, L-fructose] .arrow_forward
- Draw the structure of a disaccharide unit in a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose linked to α(1,4) to D-galactosamine.arrow_forwardConsider the Haworth projections of f-L-galactose and B-L-glucose shown here. ОН CH OH ОН ОН B-L-galactose enantiomers anomers OH diastereomers epimers ОН CH₂OH OH Which terms describe the relationship between these two sugars? ОН OH B-L-glucosearrow_forwardRaffinose, the most abundant trisaccharide found in nature, occurs in whole grains and numerous vegetables (e.g., asparagus, cabbage, and beans). Hydrolysis of raffinose yields galactose and sucrose. Provide the systematic name for this trisaccharide. Is raffinose a reducing or nonreducing sugar? Is raffinose capable of mutarotation?arrow_forward
- Name the three digestible disaccharides we talked about. What monosaccharides are they each made of and tell whether they are connected by an alpha 1-4 glycosidic linkage, a 1-4 beta glycosidic linkage or a 1-5 beta glycosidic linkage.arrow_forwardCellulose and glycogen are both polymers of glucose, but they have very different functions. Select all of the statements below that are true (this is a multi-select question). One important difference between cellulose and glycogen is that the cellulose has a(1→6) branches, which greatly increases the "connectiveness" within the structure. One important difference between cellulose and glycogen is that cellulose is a B(14) linked glucan, while glycogen is an a(1→4) linked glucan. The major cause of the functional difference is that glycogen is stored in the cytosol, whereas cellulose is a component of the cell walls. Cellulose is flexible due to the noncovalent interactions between the B(1-4) linked strands of glucose: the polymer can bend without breaking covalent bonds. Cellulose is more "stretchy" than glycogen, since its structure is held together only by the relatively weak hydrogen bonds.arrow_forwardDraw the structure and give the systematic name of the given disaccharides. [No need to show the stepwise process] (a) Lactose which is also known as milk sugar: B-D-Gal(1>4)B-D-Glc, where Gal is galactose and Glc is glucose.arrow_forward
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