Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780131495081
Author: Douglas C. Giancoli
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Textbook Question
Chapter 20, Problem 47P
(II) (a) Why would you expect the total entropy change in a Carnot cycle to be zero? (b) Do a calculation to show that it is zero.
Expert Solution & Answer
Learn your wayIncludes step-by-step video
schedule07:19
Students have asked these similar questions
. (I) What is the change in entropy of 1.00 m3 of water at 0°C when it is frozen to ice at 0°C?
(2) [
Describe briefly why the following statements are wrong.
(i) "Hot cup of coffee becoming cold spontaneously is an entropy-decreasing process. So the
law of entropy increase is violated in this situation."
(ii) "Air conditioners require bulky external unit, exhausting heat to outside. With the
technology constantly advancing, external unit will be eliminated in the future."
(i)One kg of water at 273 K is brought into contact with a heat reservoir at 373 K. When the water has reached 373 K, find the entropy change of the water of the heat reservoir and of the universe.
(ii) If water is heated from 273 K to 373 K by first bringing it in contact with a reservoir at 323 K and then with a reservoir at 373 K, what will the entropy change of the universe be ?
Chapter 20 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
Ch. 20.2 - An adiabatic process is defined as one in which no...Ch. 20.3 - A motor is running with an intake temperature TH =...Ch. 20.6 - A 1.00.kg piece of ice at 0C melts very slowly to...Ch. 20.9 - Prob. 1EECh. 20 - Prob. 1QCh. 20 - Can you warm a kitchen in winter by leaving the...Ch. 20 - Would a definition of heat engine efficiency as e...Ch. 20 - What plays the role of high-temperature and...Ch. 20 - Which will give the greater improvement in the...Ch. 20 - The oceans contain a tremendous amount of thermal...
Ch. 20 - Discuss the factors that keep real engines from...Ch. 20 - Prob. 8QCh. 20 - Describe a process in nature that is nearly...Ch. 20 - (a) Describe how heat could be added to a system...Ch. 20 - Suppose a gas expands to twice its original volume...Ch. 20 - Give three examples, other than those mentioned in...Ch. 20 - Which do you think has the greater entropy, 1 kg...Ch. 20 - (a) What happens if you remove the lid of a bottle...Ch. 20 - Prob. 15QCh. 20 - Prob. 16QCh. 20 - Prob. 17QCh. 20 - The first law of thermodynamics is sometimes...Ch. 20 - Powdered milk is very slowly (quasistatically)...Ch. 20 - Two identical systems are taken from state a to...Ch. 20 - It can he said that the total change in entropy...Ch. 20 - Use arguments, other than the principle of entropy...Ch. 20 - (I) A heat engine exhausts 7800 J of heat while...Ch. 20 - (I) A certain power plant puts out 580 MW of...Ch. 20 - (II) A typical compact car experiences a total...Ch. 20 - (II) A four-cylinder gasoline engine has an...Ch. 20 - (II) The burning of gasoline in a car releases...Ch. 20 - (II) Figure 2017 is a PV diagram for a reversible...Ch. 20 - (III) The operation of a diesel engine can be...Ch. 20 - (I) What is the maximum efficiency of a heat...Ch. 20 - (I) It is not necessary that a heat engines hot...Ch. 20 - (II) A heal engine exhausts its heat at 340C and...Ch. 20 - (II) (a) Show that the work done by a Carnot...Ch. 20 - (II) A Carnot engines operating temperatures are...Ch. 20 - (II) A nuclear power plant operates at 65% of its...Ch. 20 - (II) A Carnot engine performs work at the rate of...Ch. 20 - (II) Assume that a 65 kg hiker needs 4.0 103 kcal...Ch. 20 - (II) A particular car does work at the rate of...Ch. 20 - (II) A heat engine utilizes a heat source at 580C...Ch. 20 - (II) The working substance of a certain Carnot...Ch. 20 - (III) A Carnot cycle, shown in Fig. 20-7, has the...Ch. 20 - (III) One mole of monatomic gas undergoes a Carnot...Ch. 20 - (III) In an engine that approximates the Otto...Ch. 20 - (I) If an ideal refrigerator keeps its contents at...Ch. 20 - (I) The low temperature of a freezer cooling coil...Ch. 20 - (II) An ideal (Carnot) engine has an efficiency of...Ch. 20 - (II) An ideal heal pump is used to maintain the...Ch. 20 - (II) A restaurant refrigerator has a coefficient...Ch. 20 - (II) A heat pump is used to keep a house warm at...Ch. 20 - (II) (a) Given that the coefficient of performance...Ch. 20 - (II) A Carnot refrigerator (reverse of a Carnot...Ch. 20 - (II) A central heat pump updating as an air...Ch. 20 - (II) What volume of water at 0C can a freezer make...Ch. 20 - (I) What is the change in entropy of 250g of steam...Ch. 20 - (I) A 7.5-kg box having an initial speed of 4.0m/s...Ch. 20 - (I) What is the change in entropy of 1.00 m3 of...Ch. 20 - (II) If 1.00m3 of water at 0C is frozen and cooled...Ch. 20 - (II) If 0.45kg f water at 100C is changed by a...Ch. 20 - (II) An aluminum rod conducts 9.50 cal/s from a...Ch. 20 - (II) A 2.8-kg piece of aluminum at 43.0C is placed...Ch. 20 - (II) An ideal gas expands isothermally (T = 410 K)...Ch. 20 - (II) When 2.0 kg of water at 12.0C is mixed with...Ch. 20 - (II) (a) An ice cube of mass m at 0C is placed in...Ch. 20 - (II) The temperature of 2.0mol of an ideal...Ch. 20 - (II) Calculate the change in entropy of 1.00kg of...Ch. 20 - (II) An ideal gas of n moles undergoes the...Ch. 20 - (II) Two samples of an ideal gas are initially at...Ch. 20 - (II) A 150-g insulated aluminum cup at 15C is...Ch. 20 - (II) (a) Why would you expect the total entropy...Ch. 20 - (II) 1.00 mole of nitrogen (N2) gas and 1.00 mole...Ch. 20 - (II) Thermodynamic processes are sometimes...Ch. 20 - (III) The specific heat per mole of potassium at...Ch. 20 - (III) Consider an ideal gas of n moles with molar...Ch. 20 - (III) A general theorem states that the amount of...Ch. 20 - (III) Determine the work available in a 3.5-kg...Ch. 20 - (I) Use Eq. 2014 to determine the entropy of each...Ch. 20 - (II) Suppose that you repeatedly shake six coins...Ch. 20 - (II) Calculate the relative probabilities, when...Ch. 20 - (II) (a) Suppose you have four coins, all with...Ch. 20 - Prob. 58PCh. 20 - (II) Energy may be stored for use during peak...Ch. 20 - (II) Solar cells (Fig. 20-22) can produce about...Ch. 20 - Prob. 61PCh. 20 - It has been suggested that a heat engine could be...Ch. 20 - A heat engine takes a diatomic gas around the...Ch. 20 - A 126.5-g insulated aluminum cup at 18.00C is...Ch. 20 - (a) At a steam power plant, steam engines work in...Ch. 20 - (II) Refrigeration units can be rated in tons. A...Ch. 20 - Prob. 67GPCh. 20 - (a) What is the coefficient of performance of an...Ch. 20 - The operation of a certain heat engine takes an...Ch. 20 - A car engine whose output power is 155 hp operates...Ch. 20 - Suppose a power plant delivers energy at 850 MW...Ch. 20 - 1.00 mole of an ideal monatomic gas at STP first...Ch. 20 - Two 1100-kg cars are traveling 75 km/h in opposite...Ch. 20 - Metabolizing 1.0 kg of fat results in about 3.7 ...Ch. 20 - A cooling unit for a new freezer has an inner...Ch. 20 - Prob. 76GPCh. 20 - The Stirling cycle shown in Fig 20-27, is useful...Ch. 20 - A gas turbine operates under the Brayton cycle,...Ch. 20 - Thermodynamic processes can be represented not...Ch. 20 - An aluminum can, with negligible heat capacity, is...Ch. 20 - Prob. 81GPCh. 20 - A bowl contains a large number of red, orange, and...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
A suspension bridge oscillates with an effective force constant of 1.00108 N/m . (a) How much energy is needed ...
University Physics Volume 1
24. The 1.0 kg block in FIGURE EX7.24 is tied to the wall with a rope. It sits on top of the 2.0 kg block. The ...
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach, Vol. 1 (Chs 1-21) (4th Edition)
4. Two pucks, of mass m and 4m, lie on a frictionless table. Equal forces are used to push both pucks forward a...
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Edition)
Explain all answers clearly, with complete sentences and proper essay structure, if needed. An asterisk (*) des...
Cosmic Perspective Fundamentals
Why does a car always attract dust right after it is polished? (Note that car wax and car tires are insulators....
University Physics Volume 2
Which is larger?
7. 1 L or 1 mL
Applied Physics (11th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Is it possible for a system to have an entropy change if it neither absorbs nor emits heat during a reversible? transition? What happens it the process is irreversible?arrow_forwardIn an isochoric process, heat is added to 10 mol of monoatomic ideal gas whose temperature increases from 273 to 373 K. What is the entropy change of the gas?arrow_forwardA Carnot engine operates between 550 and 20 baths and produces 300 kJ of energy in each cycle. Find the change in entropy of the (a) hot bath and (b) cold bath, in each Carnot cycle?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is true for the entropy change of a system that undergoes a reversible, adiabatic process? (a) S 0 (b) S = 0 (c) S 0arrow_forwardA 0.50-kg piece of aluminum at 250 is dropped into 1.0 kg of water at 20 . After equilibrium is reached, what is the net entropy change of the system?arrow_forwardFor the Carnot cycle of Figure 4.12, what is the entropy change of the hot reservoir, the cold reservoir, and the universe? Figure 4.11 The four processes of the Carnot cycle. The working substance is assumed to be an ideal gas whose thermodynamic path MNOP is represented in Figure 4.12. Figure 4.12 The total work done by the gas in the Carnot cycle is shown and given by the area enclosed by the loop MNOPM.arrow_forward
- (a) infinitesimal amount of heat is added reversibly to a system. By combining the first and second laws, show that dU=TdSdW. (b) When heat is added to an ideal gas, its temperature and volume change from T1 and V1 to T2 and V2 . Show that the entropy change of n moles of the gas is given by S=CnvlnT2T1nRlnV2V1 .arrow_forwardA Carnot engine operates in a Carnot cycle between a heat source at 550 and a heat sink at 20 . Find the efficiency of the Carnot engine.arrow_forwardSuppose 20 g of ice at 0 is added to 300 g of water at 60 . What is the total change in entropy of the mixture after it reaches thermal equilibrium?arrow_forward
- Give an example of a spontaneous process in which a system becomes less ordered and energy becomes less available to do work. What happens to the system's entropy in this process?arrow_forwardA copper rod of cross-sectional area 5.0 cm2 and length 5.0 m conducts heat from a heat reservoir at 373 K to one at 273 K. What is the time rate of change of the universe's entropy for this process?arrow_forwardIn a diesel engine, the fuel is ignited without a spark plug. Instead, air in a cylinder is compressed adiabatically to a temperature above the ignition temperature of the fuel; at the point of maximum compression, the fuel is injected into the cylinder. Suppose that air at 20 C is taken into the cylinder at a volume V1 and then compressed adiabatically and quasi-statically to a temperature of 600 C and a volume V2 . If =1.4 , what is the ratio V1/V2 ? (Note: static. In an operating diesel engine, the compression is not quasi-arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningCollege PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781305952300Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage LearningCollege PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781285737027Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage Learning
- An Introduction to Physical SciencePhysicsISBN:9781305079137Author:James Shipman, Jerry D. Wilson, Charles A. Higgins, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage LearningCollege PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781938168000Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger HinrichsPublisher:OpenStax College
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781305952300
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781285737027
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
An Introduction to Physical Science
Physics
ISBN:9781305079137
Author:James Shipman, Jerry D. Wilson, Charles A. Higgins, Omar Torres
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781938168000
Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher:OpenStax College
The Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Flow, Entropy, and Microstates; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MrwW4w2nAMc;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY