Physics for Scientists and Engineers
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337553278
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 20, Problem 37AP
The latent heat of vaporization for water at room temperature is 2 430 J/g. Consider one particular molecule at the surface of a glass of liquid water, moving upward with sufficiently high speed that it will be the next molecule to join the vapor. (a) Find its translational kinetic energy. (b) Find its speed. Now consider a thin gas made only of molecules like that one. (c) What is its temperature? (d) Why are you not burned by water evaporating from a vessel at room temperature?
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
A space probe is far away from the Sun, or any other sources of energy.
It is kept warm (so the electronics work) by waste heat from a radioactive
source. The radioactive source emits energy at a rate of 625W. The space
probe can be modelled as a uniform sphere of metal. The radius is 1.3m,
and the metal has a high thermal conductivity, so the probe is at a uniform
temperature. The coefficient of linear expansion for this metal is 2.3 ×
10-5 K-¹.
8. Suppose that the probe emits as a blackbody (with e = 1). What is
the equilibrium temperature of the space probe?
(a) 30K
(b) 90K
(c) ***150K
(d) 240K
(e) 320K
9. Suppose that the space probe is currently at temperature 200K, and
it was launched from Earth at a temperature of 300K. By how much
has the probe's volume decreased relative to the size at launch?
(a) 2.1 x 10-2m³
(b) 4.2 × 10-²m³
(c) ***6.3 × 10-²m³
(d) 8.5 × 10-2m³
(e) There is not enough information to determine this.
Your answer is partially correct.
The temperature near the surface of the earth is 297 K. A xenon atom (atomic mass = 131.29 u) has a kinetic energy equal to the
average translational kinetic energy and is moving straight up. If the atom does not collide with any other atoms or molecules, then
how high up would it go before coming to rest? Assume that the acceleration due to gravity is constant during the ascent.
Number
2.8e4
Units
m
A thermocouple, with a spherical junction diameter of 0.5 mm, is used for measuring the temperature of hot air flow in a circular duct. The convection heat transfer coefficient of the air flow can be related with the diameter (D) of the spherical junction and the average air flow velocity (V) as h = 2.2(V/D)0.5, where D, h, and V are in m, W/m2?K and m/s, respectively. The properties of the thermocouple junction are k = 35 W/m?K, r = 8500 kg/m3, and cp = 320 J/kg?K. Determine the minimum air flow velocity that the thermocouple can be used, if the maximum response time of the thermocouple to register 99 percent of the initial temperature difference is 5 s.
Chapter 20 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Ch. 20.1 - Two containers hold an ideal gas at the same...Ch. 20.2 - (i) How does the internal energy of an ideal gas...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 20.3QQCh. 20.3 - Prob. 20.4QQCh. 20 - A spherical balloon of volume 4.00 103 cm3...Ch. 20 - A spherical balloon of volume V contains helium at...Ch. 20 - A 2.00-mol sample of oxygen gas is confined to a...Ch. 20 - Oxygen, modeled as an ideal gas, is in a container...Ch. 20 - A 5.00-L vessel contains nitrogen gas at 27.0C and...Ch. 20 - Prob. 6P
Ch. 20 - In a period of 1.00 s, 5.00 1023 nitrogen...Ch. 20 - A 7.00-L vessel contains 3.50 moles of gas at a...Ch. 20 - Calculate the change in internal energy of 3.00...Ch. 20 - Prob. 10PCh. 20 - In a constant-volume process, 209 J of energy is...Ch. 20 - A vertical cylinder with a heavy piston contains...Ch. 20 - A 1.00-L insulated bottle is full of tea at 90.0C....Ch. 20 - A certain molecule has f degrees of freedom. Show...Ch. 20 - You are working for an automobile tire company....Ch. 20 - Why is the following situation impossible? A team...Ch. 20 - You and your younger brother are designing an air...Ch. 20 - During the compression stroke of a certain...Ch. 20 - Air in a thundercloud expands as it rises. If its...Ch. 20 - Why is the following situation impossible? A new...Ch. 20 - Air (a diatomic ideal gas) at 27.0C and...Ch. 20 - Prob. 22PCh. 20 - Prob. 23PCh. 20 - Prob. 24PCh. 20 - Prob. 25PCh. 20 - The law of atmospheres states that the number...Ch. 20 - Prob. 27APCh. 20 - Prob. 28APCh. 20 - The dimensions of a classroom are 4.20 m 3.00 m ...Ch. 20 - Prob. 30APCh. 20 - The Earths atmosphere consists primarily of oxygen...Ch. 20 - Review. As a sound wave passes through a gas, the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 33APCh. 20 - In a cylinder, a sample of an ideal gas with...Ch. 20 - As a 1.00-mol sample of a monatomic ideal gas...Ch. 20 - A sample consists of an amount n in moles of a...Ch. 20 - The latent heat of vaporization for water at room...Ch. 20 - A vessel contains 1.00 104 oxygen molecules at...Ch. 20 - Prob. 39APCh. 20 - Prob. 40APCh. 20 - Prob. 41APCh. 20 - On the PV diagram for an ideal gas, one isothermal...Ch. 20 - Prob. 43APCh. 20 - Prob. 44APCh. 20 - Prob. 45CP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Cylinder A contains oxygen (O2) gas, and cylinder B contains nitrogen (N2) gas. If the molecules in the two cylinders have the same rms speeds, which of the following statements is false? (a) The two gases haw different temperatures. (b) The temperature of cylinder B is less than the temperature of cylinder A. (c) The temperature of cylinder B is greater than the temperature of cylinder A. (d) The average kinetic energy of the nitrogen molecules is less than the average kinetic energy of the oxygen molecules.arrow_forwardAn aluminum rod 0.500 m in length and with a cross-sectional area of 2.50 cm2 is inserted into a thermally insulated vessel containing liquid helium at 4.20 K. The rod is initially at 300 K. (a) If one-half of the rod is inserted into the helium, how many liters of helium boil off by the time the inserted half cools to 4.20 K? Assume the upper half does not yet cool. (b) If the circular surface of the upper end of the rod is maintained at 300 K, what is the approximate boil-off rate of liquid helium in liters per second after the lower half has reached 4.20 K? (Aluminum has thermal conductivity of 3 100 W/m K at 4.20 K; ignore its temperature variation. The density of liquid helium is 125 kg/m3.)arrow_forwardFor a temperature increase of 10 at constant volume, what is the heat absorbed by (a) 3.0 mol of a dilute monatomic gas; (b) 0.50 mol of a dilute diatomic gas; and (c) 15 mol of a dilute polyatomic gas?arrow_forward
- At 25.0 m below the surface of the sea, where the temperature is 5.00C, a diver exhales an air bubble having a volume of 1.00 cm3. If the surface temperature of the sea is 20.0C, what is the volume of the bubble just before it breaks the surface?arrow_forwardTwo cylinders A and B at the same temperature contain the same quantity of the same kind of gas. Cylinder A has three times the volume of cylinder B. What can you conclude about the pressures the gases exert? (a) We can conclude nothing about the pressures. (b) The pressure in A is three times the pressure in B. (c) The pressures must be equal. (d) The pressure in A must be one-third the pressure in B.arrow_forwardOne of a dilute diatomic gas occupying a volume of 10.00 L expands against a constant pressure of 2.000 atm when it is slowly heated. If the temperature of the gas rises by 10.00 K and 400.0 J of heat are added in the process, what is its final volume?arrow_forward
- An aluminum rod 0.500 m in length and with a cross sectional area of 2.50 cm2 is inserted into a thermally insulated vessel containing liquid helium at 4.20 K. The rod is initially at 3(H) K. (a) If one-halt of the rod is inserted into the helium, how many liters of helium boil off by the time the inserted half cools to 4.20 K? Assume the upper half does not yet cool, (b) If the circular surface of the upper end of the rod is maintained at 300 K. what is the approximate boil-off rate of liquid helium in liters per second after the lower half has reached 4.20 K? (Aluminum has thermal conductivity of 3 100 YV/m K at 4.20 K; ignore its temperature variation. The density of liquid helium is 125 kg/m3.)arrow_forwardWhen a gas undergoes an adiabatic expansion, which of the following statements is true? (a) The temperature of the gas does not change. (b) No work is done by the gas. (c) No energy is transferred to the gas by heat. (d) The internal energy of the gas does not change. (e) The pressure increases.arrow_forwardHow many moles are there in (a) 0.0500 g of N2 gas (M = 28.0 g/mol)? (b) 10.0 g of CO2 gas (M = 44.0 g/mol)? (c) How many molecules are present in each case?arrow_forward
- Two containers hold an ideal gas at the same temperature and pressure. Both containers hold the same type of gas, but container B has twice the volume of container A. (i) What is the average translational kinetic energy per molecule in container B? (a) twice that of container A (b) the same as that of container A (c) half that of container A (d) impossible to determine (ii) From the same choices, describe the internal energy of the gas in container B.arrow_forwardThe number density of gas atoms at a certain location in the space above our planet is about 1.40 ✕ 1011 m−3, and the pressure is 1.10 ✕ 10−10 N/m2 in this space. What is the temperature (in °C) there?arrow_forwardA 6.0-cm-diameter cylinder of nitrogen gas has a 4.0-cm-thick movable copper piston. The cylinder is oriented vertically, as shown in the figure, and the air above the piston is evacuated. When the gas temperature is 25 °C, the piston floats 20 cm above the bottom of the cylinder. (Figure 1) Figure 20 cm Vacuum Piston. Ź 6 cm 1 of 1 Then 1.5 J of heat energy are transferred to the gas. What is the new equilibrium temperature of the gas in °C? Express your answer in degrees Celsius. ► View Available Hint(s) T₂ = 115.06992 Submit Part D [Π| ΑΣΦ X Incorrect; Try Again; 5 attempts remaining Submit What is the final height of the piston? Express your answer with the appropriate units. ► View Available Hint(s) Previous Answers LO L₂= 28.05 Part E 6 HÅ Previous Answers cm μÀ ? X Incorrect; Try Again; 5 attempts remaining How much work is done on the gas as the piston rises? Express your answer with the appropriate units. ► View Available Hint(s) ? ? °Carrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...
Physics
ISBN:9781305116399
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Heat Transfer: Crash Course Engineering #14; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YK7G6l_K6sA;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY