Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The hydrophobic interaction is whether a covalent bond or noncovalent interaction has to be stated.
Concept introduction: The hydrophobic interaction exists between the nonpolar R groups of the amino acids. In aqueous solvent, the nonpolar side chains of the amino acids point inwards, that is away from the polar water molecules.
(b)
Interpretation: The hydrogen bond is whether a covalent bond or noncovalent interaction has to be stated.
Concept introduction: The hydrogen bond exists between the polar R groups of the amino acids. Different polar side chains, mostly that have a
(c)
Interpretation: The disulphide bond is whether a covalent bond or noncovalent interaction has to be stated.
Concept introduction: The disulphide bond exists between the
(d)
Interpretation: The electrostatic interaction is whether a covalent bond or noncovalent interaction has to be stated.
Concept introduction: The electrostatic interaction exists between the acidic R group of an amino acid and the basic R group of the other amino acid. The acidic side chain becomes negatively charged and the basic side chain becomes positively charge at an apt pH.
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