Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 20, Problem 15SQ
Summary Introduction
To match: The terms with the most suitable description.
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Match the terms with their most suitable description. ___ methanogen a. component of bacterial cell wall ___ nucleoid b. has RNA genome, protein coat ___ retrovirus c. halts cell wall formation ___ plasmid d.releases methane gas ___ extreme e. region with DNA halophile ___ peptidoglycan f. circle of nonchromosomal DNA ___ penicillin g. salt lover
Formation of a(n______) allows some soil bacteria to survive adverse conditions. a. pilus c. endospore b. nucleoid d. plasmid
b. Preceded by DNA replication
c. Results in gamete production.
d. Spindle apparatus guides chromoson e movement
e. Process of nuclear division.
12. The identification of bacteria by serologic tests is based on the presence of specific
antigens. Which of the following bacterial components is least likely to conta in useful
antigens?
a. Ribosomes
b. Cell wall
c. Capsule
d. Flagella
13. Each of the following statements concerning the Gram stain is correct except.
a. Escherichia coli stains pink because t has a thin peptidoglycan.layer
b. Streptococcus pyogens stains blue because it has a thick peptidoglycar layer
c Mycoplasma pneumoniae is not visible in the Gram's stain because it does not have a
d. Mycobacterium tuberculosis stains blue because it has a thick lipid layer
14. An outbreak of sepsis caused by Staph loeoccus aureus has occurred in the newborn
nursery. You are called upon to investigate. According to your knowledge of the normal
flora, what is the most likely source of ne…
Chapter 20 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 20 - Bacteriophage-Inspired Antibiotics Although...Ch. 20 - Bacteriophage-Inspired Antibiotics Although...Ch. 20 - Bacteriophage-Inspired Antibiotics Although...Ch. 20 - The genome of ___ can be either RNA or DNA. a. a...Ch. 20 - The capsid of a virion consists of ___ . a. DNA b....Ch. 20 - Bacteriophages kill their host quickly by ______ ....Ch. 20 - The genetic material of HIV (a retrovirus) is...Ch. 20 - Prob. 5SQCh. 20 - Prob. 6SQCh. 20 - Prob. 7SQ
Ch. 20 - Bacteria that serve as decomposers are ___ . a....Ch. 20 - Prob. 9SQCh. 20 - Formation of a(n) ___ allows some soil bacteria to...Ch. 20 - _____ in the stomach of a cow release methane. a....Ch. 20 - A plasmid is a circle of ___ . a. RNA b. DNA c....Ch. 20 - Prob. 13SQCh. 20 - Prob. 14SQCh. 20 - Prob. 15SQCh. 20 - Prob. 1CTCh. 20 - Adenoviruses that cause colds do not have a lipid...Ch. 20 - The antibiotic penicillin acts by interfering with...Ch. 20 - Raw red alga of the genus Porphyra is part of a...
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- Complete the table: Bacterium Shape of cell Arrangement of cells Other important cell feature Distribution Importance A. Escherichia coli B. Staphylococcus aureus C. Streptococcus pyogenes D. Clostridium botulinum E. Salmonella typhiarrow_forwardHersheyChase Experiments The graph shown in FIGURE 8.5 is reproduced from an original 1952 publication by Hershey and Chase. Bacteriophage were labeled with radioactive tracers and allowed 10 infect bacteria. The virusbacteria mixtures were then whirled in a blender to dislodge any viral components attached to the exterior of the bacteria. Afterward, radioactivity from the tracers was measured. FIGURE 8.5 Detail of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chases 1952 publication describing their experiments with bacteriophage. Infected bacteria refers to the percentage of bacteria that survived the blender. The extracellular concentration of which isotope increased the most with blending?arrow_forwardHersheyChase Experiments The graph shown in FIGURE 8.5 is reproduced from an original 1952 publication by Hershey and Chase. Bacteriophage were labeled with radioactive tracers and allowed 10 infect bacteria. The virusbacteria mixtures were then whirled in a blender to dislodge any viral components attached to the exterior of the bacteria. Afterward, radioactivity from the tracers was measured. FIGURE 8.5 Detail of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chases 1952 publication describing their experiments with bacteriophage. Infected bacteria refers to the percentage of bacteria that survived the blender. How did the researchers know that the radioisotopes in the fluid came from outside of the bacterial cells and not from bacteria that had been broken apart by whirling in the blender?arrow_forward
- There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (VCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (VCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes VCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from VCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. How can a prion replicate itself without genetic material?arrow_forwardHersheyChase Experiments The graph shown in FIGURE 8.5 is reproduced from an original 1952 publication by Hershey and Chase. Bacteriophage were labeled with radioactive tracers and allowed 10 infect bacteria. The virusbacteria mixtures were then whirled in a blender to dislodge any viral components attached to the exterior of the bacteria. Afterward, radioactivity from the tracers was measured. FIGURE 8.5 Detail of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chases 1952 publication describing their experiments with bacteriophage. Infected bacteria refers to the percentage of bacteria that survived the blender. Do these results imply that viruses inject DNA or protein into bacteria? Why or why not?arrow_forwardHersheyChase Experiments The graph shown in FIGURE 8.5 is reproduced from an original 1952 publication by Hershey and Chase. Bacteriophage were labeled with radioactive tracers and allowed 10 infect bacteria. The virusbacteria mixtures were then whirled in a blender to dislodge any viral components attached to the exterior of the bacteria. Afterward, radioactivity from the tracers was measured. FIGURE 8.5 Detail of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chases 1952 publication describing their experiments with bacteriophage. Infected bacteria refers to the percentage of bacteria that survived the blender. Before blending what percentage of each isotope. 35S and 32P, was extracellular (outside the bacteria)?arrow_forward
- Some bacteria have a tube which allows materials to move directly into or out of the cytoplasm. This tube is called a ___. cilium flagellum genera pilusarrow_forwardA bacterium has the following characteristics:∙ It adheres to the human intestinal lining using a feature that protects it from phagocytes, bacteriophages, and dehydration∙ It can survive being boiled∙ It contains no plasmids and relatively little peptidoglycanWhich of the following characteristics allows this bacterium to adhere to the intestinal lining? Group of answer choices A. fimbriae B. pili C. an endospore D. a flagellumarrow_forwardBacterial LPS a. exists in Gram negative bacteria b. is the glycocalyx C. contains protein d. made of peptidoglycan e. all except d.arrow_forward
- Viral structure can best be described as a ___. A. tiny cell surrounded by a cell wall B. tail sheath surrounded by tail fibers C. clump of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat D. capsid surrounded by a protein coatarrow_forwardA THF -wwwwwwwwww DHF -wwwwwww DNA mRNA 30 B с 50 30 Ribosomes 50 30 D E 45. If the microbe uses target modification to avoid Streptomycin, then which structure above should it focus on modifying?arrow_forwardBacteria that lack fimbriae are less likely to ________.a. adhere to cell surfacesb. swim through bodily fluidsc. synthesize proteinsd. retain the ability to dividearrow_forward
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