Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780321934925
Author: Jeff Hardin, Gregory Paul Bertoni
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 2, Problem 2.8PS
QUANTITATIVE Bond Energies. A single covalent bond has a bond energy of approximately 90 kcal/mol, and a typical hydrogen bond has a bond energy of about 5 kcal/mol. Although weak, hydrogen bonds can be a major structural force when present in large numbers as in DNA. In double-stranded DNA, each AT base pair is held together by two hydrogen bonds, and each GC base pair is held together by three hydrogen bonds.
(a) What is the total bond energy in a propane molecule (see Figure 2-4)? The C—C bond energy is 83 kcal/mol, and the C—H bond energy is 99 kcal/mol.
(b) In a short 15 base-pair molecule of DNA having 60% GC pairs and 40% AT pairs, what is the total bond energy of all the hydrogen bonds? How does this compare to the bond energy of a carbon-carbon bond?
(c) In a typical gene consisting of 1000 base pairs with the same relative GC versus AT content, what is the total bond energy of all the hydrogen bonds? How does this compare to the bond energy of a carbon-carbon bond?
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true or false1. In the structural characteristics of a nucleotide, the phosphate subunit is bonded to the sugar subunit.2. In the structural characteristics of a nucleotide, the nitrogenous base subunit is bonded to the phosphate subunit.
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fundamental constituent of the exoskeletons of crustaceans, insects, and spiders
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
Ch. 2 - What properties of the carbon atom make it...Ch. 2 - QUESTION: Compare the flights of the ionized...Ch. 2 - How would the properties of water change if the...Ch. 2 - Why is the amphipathic nature of membrane...Ch. 2 - Problem Set CONCEPT CHECK 2.4 What characteristics...Ch. 2 - Problem Set CONCEPT CHECK 2.5 TMV is an...Ch. 2 - The Fitness of Carbon. Each of the properties that...Ch. 2 - The Fitness of Water. For each of these statements...Ch. 2 - Wrong Again. For each of the following false...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.4PS
Ch. 2 - Drug Targeting. Your company has developed a new...Ch. 2 - Its All About Membranes. Answer each of the...Ch. 2 - The Polarity of Water. Defend the assertion that...Ch. 2 - QUANTITATIVE Bond Energies. A single covalent bond...Ch. 2 - TMV Assembly. Each of these statements is an...Ch. 2 - Mars Is Alive? Imagine this futuristic scenario:...
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- Alpha-helix of proteins, its characteristics. Draw a diagram of the arrangement of amino acids in the alpha helix. Examples of proteins formed mainly by this structure.arrow_forwardIonization State of Histidine.Each ionizable group of an amino acid can exist in one of two states, charged or neutral. The electric charge on the functional group is determined by the relationship between its pKa and the pH of the solution. This relationship is described by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. 1.Histidine has three ionizable functional groups. Write the equilibrium equations for its three ion-izationsand assign the proper pKa for each ionization. Draw the structure of histidine in each ionization state.What is the net charge on the histidine molecule in each ionization state? 2.Which structure drawn in (1) corresponds to theionization state of histidine at pH 1, 4, 8, and12?Note that the ionization state can be approximated by treating each ionizable group independently. 3.What is the net charge of histidine at pH 1, 4, 8, and 12? For each pH, will histidine migrate to-ward the anode (+) or cathode (-) when placed in an electric field?arrow_forwardPeptide bond properties. How these properties determine the three-dimensional structure of the protein.arrow_forward
- On the trail of carbons. Tissue culture cells were incubated with glutamine labeled with 15NN in the amide group. Subsequently, IMP was isolated and found to contain some 15N.N. Which atoms in IMP were labeled?arrow_forwardProteins are quite stable. The lifetime of a peptide bond in aqueous solution is nearly 1000 years. However, the free energy of hydrolysis of proteins is negative and quite large. How can you account for the stability of the peptide bond in light of the fact that hydrolysis releases much energy?arrow_forwardBeta folding. Parallel and antiparallel beta folding sheets (be able to draw). Beta loops. Examples of proteins formed mainly by this structure.arrow_forward
- DNA True or false A long chain polymer in which the internucleotide linkages are of the diester type between C-3’ and C-5’ Hydrolyzed by weak alkali (pH 9 to 100°C) Different from RNA since in the latter the internucleotide linkages are between C-2’ and C-5 Usually present in tissues as a nucleoprotein and cannot be separated from its protein componentarrow_forwardOnly galactose need. Solve like samplearrow_forwardPeptide mass determination. You have isolated a proteinfrom the bacterium E. coli and seek to confirm its identityby trypsin digestion and mass spectrometry. Determinationof the masses of several peptide fragments has enabled youto deduce the identity of the protein. However, there is adiscrepancy with one of the peptide fragments, whichyou believe should have the sequence MLNSFK and an(M 1 H)1 value of 739.38. In your experiments, yourepeat edly obtain an (M 1 H)1 value of 767.38. What isthe cause of this discrepancy and what does it tell youabout the region of the protein from which this peptide isderived?arrow_forward
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