Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
If a low or high value of specific growth rate is desired when bacteria are used in the production of a commodity chemical should be explained.
Concept introduction:
When an initial growth of bacteria cell is introduced to a nutritional medium. The cells exhibit balanced growth. This means that for a given period the population of cells double. The time required to double the population is called the doubling time. However, the doubling time depends on the factors like type of bacteria, temperature, nutritional medium etc.
Following equation is the modelled equation for this growth,
(b)
Interpretation:
Using the given expression, a graph should be plotted with a straight line and value of growth rate and initial concentration should be determined.
Concept introduction:
When an initial growth of bacteria cell is introduced to a nutritional medium. The cells exhibit balanced growth. This means that for a given period of time the population of cells double. The time required to double the population is called the doubling time. However, the doubling time depends on the factors like type of bacteria, temperature, nutritional medium etc.
Following equation is the modelled equation for this growth,
(c)
Interpretation:
The specific growth rate using given data should be calculated.
Concept introduction:
When an initial growth of bacteria cell is introduced to a nutritional medium. The cells exhibit balanced growth. This means that for a given period of time the population of cells double. The time required to double the population is called the doubling time. However, the doubling time depends on the factors like type of bacteria, temperature, nutritional medium etc.
Following equation is the modelled equation for this growth,
(d)
Interpretation:
An expression for the doubling time of a bacterial growth should be derived and the doubling time should be calculated.
Concept introduction:
When an initial growth of bacteria cell is introduced to a nutritional medium. The cells exhibit balanced growth. This means that for a given period of time the population of cells double. The time required to double the population is called the doubling time. However, the doubling time depends on the factors like type of bacteria, temperature, nutritional medium etc.
Following equation is the modelled equation for this growth,
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 2 Solutions
EBK ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL P
- sk: The Chemistry of Respiration Quantities 2. Examine the two scenarios belowoi6g • Scenario A: 100 g of glucose in the presence of unlimited oxygen is metabolized through aerobic respiration. • Scenario B: 100 g of glucose in the absence of oxygen is metabolized through anaerobic respiration. Would the mass of products produced in Scenario A be greater than, less than, or equal to the mass of products produced in Scenario B? Justify your answer.arrow_forwardEthylene (CH₂CH₂) is the starting point for a wide array of industrial chemical syntheses. For example, worldwide about 8.0 × 10¹0 kg of polyethylene are made from ethylene each year, for use in everything from household plumbing to artificial joints. Natural sources of ethylene are entirely inadequate to meet world demand, so ethane (CH₂CH3) from natural gas is "cracked" in refineries at high temperature in a kinetically complex reaction that produces ethylene gas and hydrogen gas. Suppose an engineer studying ethane cracking fills a 35.0 L reaction tank with 35.0 atm of ethane gas and raises the temperature to 400. °C. He believes K₂=0.20 at this temperature. Calculate the percent by mass of ethylene the engineer expects to find in the equilibrium gas mixture. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. Note for advanced students: the engineer may be mistaken about the correct value of Kp and the mass percent of ethylene you calculate may not be what he actually observes.arrow_forwardQ29 Santa Monica Big Blue Bus operates a fleet of CNG buses, which run on compressed natural gas (CNG), natural gas that has been compressed into a much smaller volume in the fuel tank. A newly designed CNG vehicle carries about several thousand cubic feet of compressed natural gas which contain 72 kg (kilograms) of carbon. If all of the natural gas is burned, how many kilograms of carbon dioxide will be emitted into the atmosphere? Assume no residue remains and the carbon dioxide is the only product in the combustion. If you are presenting this question, please explain the following: The steps in the calculation process O Please write out the steps involved in the conversion process including the units O Please explain how to operate on the units Please explain how to manipulate the powers of ten by hand (e.g. product rule and the quotient rule) How to apply the appropriate rule to the calculation: O addition-subtraction rule ("the decimal places rule"), OR multiplication-division…arrow_forward
- Ethylene (CH2CH2) is the starting point for a wide array of industrial chemical syntheses. For example, worldwide about 8.0 × 10 10 kg of polyethylene are made from ethylene each year, for use in everything from household plumbing to artificial joints. Natural sources of ethylene are entirely inadequate to meet world demand, so ethane (CH3 CH3) from natural gas is "cracked" in refineries at high temperature in a kinetically complex reaction that produces ethylene gas and hydrogen gas. Suppose an engineer studying ethane cracking fills a 50.0 L reaction tank with 16.0 atm of ethane gas and raises the temperature to 450. °C. She believes K₁ = 0.080 at this temperature. Calculate the percent by mass of ethylene the engineer expects to find in the equilibrium gas mixture. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. Note for advanced students: the engineer may be mistaken about the correct value of K, and the mass percent of ethylene you calculate may not be what she actually observes. ☐ % ☐…arrow_forwardA small kidney stone (Chemistry in Action on p. 176) might contain 0.50 g of uric acid 1C5H4N4O32. How many micromoles of uric acid are contained in this stone?arrow_forwardEthylene (CH₂CH₂) is the starting point for a wide array of industrial chemical syntheses. For example, worldwide about 8.0 × 10¹0 kg of polyethylene are made from ethylene each year, for use in everything from household plumbing to artificial joints. Natural sources of ethylene are entirely inadequate to meet world demand, so ethane (CH3CH3) from natural gas is "cracked" in refineries at high temperature in a kinetically complex reaction that produces ethylene gas and hydrogen gas. Suppose an engineer studying ethane cracking fills a 80.0 L reaction tank with 14.0 atm of ethane gas and raises the temperature to 850. °C. He believes K₂=0.60 at this temperature. alo Calculate the percent by mass of ethylene the engineer expects to find in the equilibrium gas mixture. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. Ar Note for advanced students: the engineer may be mistaken about the correct value of K, and the mass percent of ethylene you calculate may not be what he actually observes. % 0x₁…arrow_forward
- 2 What is reservior in environmental chemistry? What are O1D (O singlet D) and O3P( O priplet P)? Not sure if it's written in this way.arrow_forwardGreen Chemistry and Atom Economy The purposeful design of chemical products and processes that minimize the use of environmentally hazardous substances and the generation of waste is known as green chemistry. Green chemistry is a philosophical approach that is being applied to many areas of science and technology, and its practice is summarized by guidelines known as the “Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry” (see details at this website (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16greenchem) ). One of the 12 principles is aimed specifically at maximizing the efficiency of processes for synthesizing chemical products. The atom economy of a process is a measureof this efficiency, defined as the percentage by mass of the final product of a synthesis relative to the masses of all the reactants used: atom economy = mass of product/mass of reactants × 100%Though the definition of atom economy at first glance appears very similar to that for percent yield, be aware that this property represents a…arrow_forward02-Sadra is a college student studying chemistry. In one of his labs, he needs to add 10 grams of sodium carbonate to a mixture and analyze the results. When he is measuring the chemical on a weight sensor, he notices the amount of Na2co3 he is weighing is much larger than everyone else's, yet the sensor reads 10 grams. He dumps the chemicals back into the container and reweighs it, only to get the same result. Which of the following is accurate in describing Sadra's weight sensor? Not reliable, and not valid O Not reliable, but valid O Reliable, but not valid Reliable and valid Question 10 02-Dr. Narayan conducted a research study about the effects that coffee has on the brain. However, he told participants that it was an on-going survey on the amount of coffee they consumed on a day-to-day basis. This type of study is known as deception. Is it legally allowed in this situation and why? O Yes, but only if Dr. Narayan informed the participants of the true meaning of the study at the…arrow_forward
- Green Chemistry and Atom Economy The purposeful design of chemical products and processes that minimize the use of environmentally hazardous substances and the generation of waste is known as green chemistry. Green chemistry is a philosophical approach that is being applied to many areas of science and technology, and its practice is summarized by guidelines known as the “Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry” (see details at this website (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16greenchem) ). One of the 12 principles is aimed specifically at maximizing the efficiency of processes for synthesizing chemical products. The atom economy of a process is a measureof this efficiency, defined as the percentage by mass of the final product of a synthesis relative to the masses of all the reactants used: atom economy = mass of product/mass of reactants × 100%Though the definition of atom economy at first glance appears very similar to that for percent yield, be aware that this property represents a…arrow_forwardntActivity.do?locator=assignment-take A model for the compound cyclohexane is shown. ball & stick v + labels Submit Answer [Review Topics] [References] Use the References to access important values if needed for this question. + Login to your account x Write a balanced chemical equation that shows the formation of cyclohexane from the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H₂). (Use the smallest integer coefficients possible and do not include states.) Retry Entire Group 2 more group attempts remaining QN = blue0= red - Bin A Previous Nextarrow_forwardthe Daily Value for saturated fat is 20 grams (g), which equals 100% DV. If the Nutrition Facts Label says one serving of a food contains 1.5 g of saturated fat, how much % DV this meals contains from the maximum amount of fat that is recommended for you per day.arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning