Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The reaction between trimethyl amine and
Concept Introduction:
▸ Lewis acids are electron pair acceptors.
▸ Lewis bases are electron pair donors.
▸ The valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory predicts the arrangement of atoms in molecules and ions.
▸
▸ They can act as nucleophiles and electrophiles in organic reactions.
▸ Amines can be classified into three categories: primary amines, secondary amines, and tertiary amines.
▸ If the nitrogen atom is directly attached to only one other carbon atom, the amine is a primary amine.
▸ If the nitrogen atom is directly attached to two other carbon atoms, the amine is a secondary amine.
▸ If the nitrogen atom is directly attached to three other carbon atoms, the amine is a tertiary amine.
▸ Higher the electron density around the nitrogen atom, more available is the electron pair to donate. Electron donors are Lewis bases.
▸ The reaction is Lewis acid- base reaction. The trimethyl amine donates a pair of electrons, so it acts as a Lewis base and
▸ Hybridization is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals which are suitable for pairing of electrons to form
▸ Hybrid orbitals are very useful in the explanation of molecular geometry.
▸ A trigonal planar geometry has
▸ A tetrahedral geometry has
▸ When one s-orbital and one p-orbital combine, it forms two
▸ When one s-orbital and two p-orbital combine, it forms three
▸ When one s-orbital and three p-orbital combine, it forms four
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 2 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- 2.42 What hybridization do you expect for the carbon atom in the following functional groups? (a) Carboxylic acid chloride (b) Thiol (c) Imine (d) Aldehydearrow_forwardThere are two C–C single bonds in penta-1,3-diyne. (a) Which of those bonds would you expect to be stronger? (b) Which of those bonds would you expect to be shorter? (c) The molecule is moderately polar, with a dipole moment of 1.37 D. In which direction would you expect the dipole moment to point? Explain. Penta-1,3-diynearrow_forwardPyrethrins, such as jasmolin II(below), are a group of naturalcompounds synthesized by flowers of the genus Chrysanthemum(known as pyrethrum flowers) to act as insecticides.(a) Circle and name the functional groups in jasmolin II.(b) What is the hybridization of the numbered carbons?(c) Which, if any, of the numbered carbons are chiral centers?arrow_forward
- Draw structural formulas for each of the following: (a) The four primary (1°) amines with the molecular formula C4H11N. (b) The three secondary (2°) amines with the molecular formula C4H11N. (c) The one tertiary (3°) amine with the molecular formula C4H11N.arrow_forward3) In the mid-1930s, the German theoretical chemist Erich Hückel developed a rule that dealt with the aromaticity of various compounds, which became known as the Hückel Rule. Which (parts) of the compounds listed below are aromatic? Justify your answer based on Hückel's rule. You can treat the rings separately or together as you wish.arrow_forwardFor each of the following structures,1. Draw a Lewis structure; fill in any nonbonding electrons.2. Calculate the formal charge on each atom other than hydrogen.(a) CH3NO(nitromethane)(b) (CH3)3NO(trimethylamine oxide)(c) [N3]-(azide ion)(d) [(CH3)3O]+ (e) CH3NC (f) (CH3)4NBrarrow_forward
- (d) Compound W has the molecular formula C.H.O. Compound W reacts when heated with ethanoic acid and a catalyst to produce a sweet-smelling liquid. (i) Give the name of the homologous series to which compound W belongs. (ii) Draw the structure of compound W. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds. SVENTarrow_forwardDetergents need not be ionic. Pentaerythrityl palmitate (shown here) is a nonionic detergent used in dishwashingliquids.(a) Identify the hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions of the molecule.(b) Draw a depiction of a micelle that would form if this compound were dissolved in water.(c) What intermolecular interactions are primarily responsible for the micelle’s solubility in water?(d) What advantages do nonionic detergents have over ionic detergents in hard water?arrow_forwardRizatriptan (trade name Maxalt) is a prescription drug used for the treatment of migraines. (a) How many aromatic rings does rizatriptan contain? (b) Determine the hybridization of each N atom. (c) In what type of orbital does the lone pair on each N reside? (d) Draw all the resonance structures for rizatriptan that contain only neutral atoms. (e) Draw all reasonable resonance structures for the five-membered ring that contains three N atoms.arrow_forward
- Which of the following structures are aromatic? CH2 I II II IV (a) I and II (b) III and IV (c) only I (d) І, II and IVarrow_forwardRizatriptan (trade name Maxalt) is a prescription drug used for the treatment of migraines. (a) How many aromatic rings does rizatriptan contain? (b) Determine the hybridization of each N atom. (c) In what type of orbital does the lone pair on each N reside? (d) Draw all the resonance structures for rizatriptan that contain only neutral atoms. (e) Draw all reasonableresonance structures for the ve-membered ring that contains three N atoms.arrow_forwardPlease provide a drawing explaning the answer.arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY