Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 19.5, Problem 2R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The differences between marine and freshwater sticklebacks that exemplify the parallel evolution in them via the changes in the gene regulation.
Introduction:
Fishes do not evolve the new features instantly. Rather, they may retain their ancient genetic adaptations. During evolution, some genes are suppressed and others can be expressed depending upon the environmental conditions. The evolution of sticklebacks is believed to be accelerated by using the preexisting variations in their genetic makeup, instead of mutations instantly caused by nature.
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Life: The Science of Biology
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- Expression levels of GeneA and GeneB were measured in 10 cell lines. The researcher would liketo know if expression levels of GeneA and GeneB are related. If level of GeneB is a function of GeneA, what could this mean in terms ofbiological mechanisms?arrow_forwardwhy is gene regulation necessary in the development of multicellular organisms?arrow_forwardIn social insects, colonies often consist of a queen and workers. The workers are typicallydaughters of the queen. The queen is the only reproductive individual—the workers aresterile. a) According to Hamiton’s rule, what is the maximum ratio of cost to benefit (C/B) for theworkers in order for this system to evolve?b) Some colonies of ants have multiple queens, which can be related to different degrees.Imagine that two sisters start a colony, so that they are the mother or aunt to allworkers. What is the maximum ratio of cost to benefit (C/B) for the workers to sacrificefor their aunts?arrow_forward
- place the evolutionary steps that led to complex multicellularity in the order in which they thought to have occurred. a) The ability of cells to stick to each other b) Differential gene expression in cells c) The ability to communicate between cells d) The ability to move molecules by bulk flowarrow_forwardTrue or false? a) The Cheetah and the Bobcat are equally related to the European Wild Cat. b) The Ocelot evolved before the Domestic Cat. c)The branch leading to the Ocelot became reproductively isolatedfrom the branch leading to the Domestic Cat before the branch leading to the Domestic Cat became reproductively isolated from the branch leading to the Asian Leopard Cat. d) The Leopard and the Ocelot are equally related to the Bobcat.arrow_forwardRunt is a Drosophila gene involved in development. Mutation of runt leads to an embryonic lethal phenotype in which every other segment in the body plan is missing. What class of developmental genes does runt belong to? O a) Pair-rule genes O b) Segment polarity genes Oc) Homeotic genes O d) Gap genesarrow_forward
- How does the collection of cis-regulatory sequences embedded in agenome orchestrate the developmentalprogram of a multicellular organism?arrow_forwardAlmost all cells within an animal contain DNA with the same sequence, yet different cells can have very different properties and gene expression patterns. What are the primary mechanisms that facilitate the existence of distinct cell types in eukaryotes?arrow_forwardHow many globin genes are present in mammals? What is the evidence indicating that all the globin genes in the mammalian genome are part of a family derived from a common ancestral globin gene?arrow_forward
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