Prescott's Microbiology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260211887
Author: WILLEY, Sandman, Wood
Publisher: McGraw Hill
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Chapter 19.5, Problem 2CC
What is the difference between the core genome and pan-genome? What might you infer if you compare two genera, one in which the size of the core genome and pan-genome are very similar, and one in which the core genome is much smaller than the pan-genome?
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Chapter 19 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 19.1 - What is a natural classification? What microbial...Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 19.1 - Consider the finding that bacteria capable of...Ch. 19.2 - What is the difference between a microbial species...Ch. 19.2 - Why is it important to have a type strain for each...Ch. 19.2 - The genus Salmonella was once thought to contain...Ch. 19.3 - What are the advantages of using each major group...Ch. 19.3 - Why is rRNA so suitable for determining...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19.4 - Could a phylotype be considered an OTU? What about...
Ch. 19.4 - List the differences between distance-based and...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19.4 - You are building a tree based on 16S rRNA sequence...Ch. 19.4 - Is HGT involved in movement of genes in the core...Ch. 19.5 - On what evidence is this hypothesis based?Ch. 19.5 - Construct a scenario in which each of the...Ch. 19.5 - Define ecotype. Do you think it is necessary to...Ch. 19.5 - What is the difference between the core genome and...Ch. 19.5 - Of the following genes, which do you think are...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 19.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 19.6 - Describe two different situations in which it...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1RCCh. 19 - Prob. 2RCCh. 19 - Prob. 3RCCh. 19 - Prob. 4RCCh. 19 - Prob. 5RCCh. 19 - Prob. 6RCCh. 19 - Consider the fact that the use of 16S rRNA...Ch. 19 - You have recently established a pure culture of a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3ALCh. 19 - Prob. 4ALCh. 19 - Prob. 5ALCh. 19 - Prob. 6ALCh. 19 - Prob. 7AL
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- The following two sequences represent the same gene from two different species: Assume that all changes in the third position are synonymous and all in the first and second positions are nonsynonymous. a) How many synonymous sites (positions) are there in the gene? b) How many nonsynonymous sites (positions) are there in the gene? c) How many synonymous substitutions are there between species? d) How many nonsynonymous substitutions are there between species? e) What is the dN/dS ratio? f) What does the dN/dS ratio tell you about the evolution of this sequence? Finally, It has been hypothesized that population size affects genome size. What is the proposed relationship? How can it be explained?arrow_forwardThe Japanese canopy plant (Paris japonica) has one of the largest of all eukaryotic genomes, with approximately 150 billion base pairs, about 50 times the size of the human genome. In contrast, the bladderwort Utricularia gibba has one of the smallest plant genomes, with only 82 million base pairs. What predictions can you make about the genomes of these two species?arrow_forwardIf you wanted to produce a fly larvae with two head ends, which of the following would you do? Group of answer choices A) Add functional bicoid protein to the head end of a wildtype larva B) Add functional bicoid protein to the tail end of a mutant larva C)Add functional bicoid protein to the tail end of a wildtype larva D)Add bicoid protein from a mutant fly to the tail end of a wildtype larvaarrow_forward
- You have four sequences from A-D representing four species: A: AAATTGATTAC B: TAATTGGTTAC C: AAATTGGTTGA D: AAATTGATTGA A is your outgroup. Take a piece of paper and illustrate the three possible trees that are different from each other. 1) Answer the question of why there are only three trees. Aren't there more trees possible? 2) Mark the changes in nucleotides that happen among the four species on the trees or write them down separately. Then calculate the shortest possible tree. This is the most parsimonious option. Which one is it? 3) Why does this tree not necessarily depict the true relationship among the four species? Illustrate and answer all questions on paper. Then take a picture of the paper with your cell phone. Make sure everything is in focus, i.e., go over the picture and take it again, if necessary. All your answers and the trees need to be clearly visible.arrow_forwardGive typing answer with explanation and conclusion what is different about a) the number of variant sites and b) the pattern of linkage disequilibrium (LD) when we compare african to non- african genomes?arrow_forwardHow do comparisons between genomes of related species help redefine gene annotation?arrow_forward
- After finding that one genome in a ohylum is smaller than the others in that phylum, explain which factors lead to the genome contraction.arrow_forwardWhat is the main goal of comparative genome hybridization?Explain how the ratio of green to red fluorescence provides informationabout chromosome structure?arrow_forwardWhat is the principle behind to Sanger sequencing?arrow_forward
- After numerous herbaceous plants had their genomes sequenced, a woody plant finally joined the group, Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood). Give and explain three reasons why this specific tree was chosen. Give and explain two reasons for the importance of adding a woody plant to the list of completed plant genome sequences.arrow_forwardWhat is comparative DNA?arrow_forwardWhat are some reasons why, in multicellular eukaryotes, genome size is not necessarily related to number of protein-coding genes or organismal complexity?arrow_forward
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