(a)
Interpretation:
The effect of increase in the concentration of
Concept Introduction:
Enzyme catalyzes
(b)
Interpretation:
The effect of increase in the concentration of ATP on the TCA cycle needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Enzyme catalyzes chemical reaction in cells is called Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). It is also known as Krebs cycle and citric acid cycle. The
(c)
Interpretation:
The effect of increase in the concentration of isocitrate on the TCA cycle needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Enzyme catalyzes chemical reaction in cells is called Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). It is also known as Krebs cycle and citric acid cycle. The
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Biochemistry
- All steps in the calculations must be reported, incomplete reporting of these leads directly to return. Make a theoretical calculation of how many ATP molecules can be formed from the degradation of an acetyl-CoA molecule to carbon dioxide and water if the entire proton gradient across the mitochondria's inner membrane can be used for ATP production and when the ATP synthase has 15 c-subunits.arrow_forwardExplain in detail of the process of cellular respiration, including all the stages of cellular respiration (glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation) and explain the substrate and product of each pathway. And make a table of the products formed at the end of glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation (ATPs, NADHs, water, and carbon dioxide). Then discuss about oxidation-reduction of various molecules that are a part of these pathways.arrow_forward(a) A simplistic interpretation of the Q cycle would predict that the proton pumping efficiency of cytochrome bc1 would be reduced by no more than 50% in the presence of saturating amounts of antimycin A. Explain. (b) Indicate why cytochrome bc1 is nearly 100% inhibited by antimycin A.arrow_forward
- Please please help me with these, thank you so muchshow the de novo synthesis of capric acid and which pathways produce NADPH? How is acetyl coA carboxylase being regulated?arrow_forwardCalculate the biochemical standard cell potential for the oxidation of NADH by molecular oxygen O2 + 2NADH + 2 H+ → 2H2O + 2NAD+arrow_forwardPuting a metabolic pathway map together which includes glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis & glycogenolysis, and the two types of fermentation, and pyruvate oxidation (to acetyl-CoA). The map should have/illustrate/show all of the indicated 6 pathways stated previously on the same page, to emphasize how these processes are related to each other. map should include: a) Clear labels for all the pathways b) All the pathways shown on the same page and correctly integrated with each other, i.e., it should be clear which reactions are shared by different pathways c) The names of all metabolites (common abbreviations may be used) d) The names of all enzymes e) All relevant cofactors/co-substrates discussed in class, clearly showing, where ATP is used and produced f) Double or single arrows representing reversible or irreversible reactions, respectively g) All "high-energy" intermediates clearly labeled with an asterisk (*) h) Labels for cellular locations of…arrow_forward
- Considering the complete oxidation of an 18-C fatty acid. Give the answer to the following question.a. What is the total number of NADH produced in TCA if all of the acetyl CoA enters the cycle? b. What is the total number of FADH2 produced in TCA if all the acetyl CoA enters the cycle?c. How much ATP is produced in the overall oxidation?arrow_forwardSaccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain. Assume that the estimate for ATP yield per mole of NADH is 3 moles of ATP, while 1 mole of FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP, and one mole of GTP is equivalent to one mole of ATP. Show all pertinent solutions and determine: a) ATP used, b) ATP produced, and c) Net ATP. Based on your solutions, rank the substrates based on increasing yield of ATP Two moles of fructose-1,6-biphosphatearrow_forwardSaccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain. Assume that the estimate for ATP yield per mole of NADH is 3 moles of ATP, while 1 mole of FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP, and one mole of GTP is equivalent to one mole of ATP. Show all pertinent solutions and determine: a) ATP used, b) ATP produced, and c) Net ATP. Based on your solutions, rank the substrates based on increasing yield of ATP 1. Three moles of glucose-6-phosphate 2. Four moles of pyruvic acidarrow_forward
- Saccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain. Assume that the estimate for ATP yield per mole of NADH is 3 moles of ATP, while 1 mole of FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP, and one mole of GTP is equivalent to one mole of ATP. Show all pertinent solutions and determine: a) ATP used, b) ATP produced, and c) Net ATP. Based on your solutions, rank the substrates based on increasing yield of ATP 1. Three moles of glucose-6-phosphatearrow_forwardSaccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain. Assume that the estimate for ATP yield per mole of NADH is 3 moles of ATP, while 1 mole of FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP, and one mole of GTP is equivalent to one mole of ATP. Show all pertinent solutions and determine: a) ATP used, b) ATP produced, and c) Net ATP. Based on your solutions, rank the substrates based on increasing yield of ATP Five moles of Acetyl coenzyme Aarrow_forwardFocusing on the mechanism linking complex I and ATP synthase depicted in figure 3 in the article, compare that hypothetical mechanism to the classical presentation described in textbooks. What are the major differences between this mechanism and Peter Mitchel’s original chemiosmotic theory? What are the similarities.arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning