Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337359573
Author: Reginald H. Garrett; Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning US
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 19, Problem 10P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The ratio of [isocitrate]/[citrate] in given mitochondria and the [citrate] should be calculated.
Concept Introduction:
The free energy,
Where R is universal gas constant, T is temperature and square brackets represent concentration.
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
M-CSA Mechanism and Catalytic Site Atlas (ebi.ac.uk)
(ii)
Acyl Carrier Protein S-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.38) is a transferase enzyme that
catalyzes the first biosynthetic pathway for fatty acid synthase. It transfers the acyl
group (CH3CO) first from coenzyme A to a cysteine residue in the active site. This is
similar to what happens in Chymotrypsin, however utilizing a sulfur instead of an
oxygen. The acyl group is then transferred to the molecule ACP. Provide the enzyme-
catalyzed mechanism for the reaction below, making sure to identify the roles of all key
amino acids:
i
H3C
SCOA
acetyl COA
enzyme
+ HS
i
H3C
SACP
acetyl ACP
. Pyruvate can be processed under anaerobic conditions to ethanol (in yeast) or to lactate (in
mammals), as shown.
Explain the primary purpose of these reactions.
Describe the major biochemical features of each reaction
Page of 6
ZOOM +
name:
3. In the last reaction of the citric acid cycle, malate is dehydrogenated to regenerate the
oxaloacetate necessary for the entry of acetyl-CoA into the cycle:
L-Malate + NAD+
→ oxaloacetate + NADH + H*
AG'° = 30.0 kJ/mol
(a) Calculate the equilibrium constant for this reaction at 25 °C.
(b) Because AG°' assumes a standard pH of 7, the equilibrium constant calculated in (a)
corresponds to
[oxaloacetate][NADH]
Keq
[L-malate][NAD*]
The measured concentration of L-malate in rat liver mitochondria is about 0.20 mM when
[NAD*]/[NADH] is 10. Calculate the concentration of oxaloacetate at pH 7 in these
mitochondria.
(c) To appreciate the magnitude of the mitochondrial oxaloacetate concentration, calculate the
number of oxaloacetate molecules in a single rat liver mitochondrion. Assume the mitochondrion
is a sphere of diameter 2.0 microns.
Chapter 19 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 19 - Radiolabeling with 14C-Glutamate Describe the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2PCh. 19 - Assessing the Effect of Active-Site...Ch. 19 - Understanding the Mechanism of the -Ketoglutarate...Ch. 19 - Understanding the Action of Fluoroacetate on the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 6PCh. 19 - Prob. 7PCh. 19 - Prob. 8PCh. 19 - Prob. 9PCh. 19 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 19 - Prob. 11PCh. 19 - Prob. 12PCh. 19 - Prob. 13PCh. 19 - Prob. 14PCh. 19 - Prob. 15PCh. 19 - Prob. 16PCh. 19 - Understanding the Oxidation of Glucose and Its...Ch. 19 - Prob. 18PCh. 19 - Prob. 19PCh. 19 - Prob. 20PCh. 19 - Complete oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid can...Ch. 19 - Study Figure 19.18 and decide which of the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 23P
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Understanding the Oxidation of Glucose and Its Products in the TCA Cycle Glycolysis, the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction, and the TCA cycle result in complete oxidation of a molecule of glucose to CO2. Review the calculation of oxidation numbers for individual atoms in any molecule, and then calculate the oxidation numbers of the carbons of glucose, pyruvate, the acetyl carbons of acetyl-CoA. and the metabolites of the TCA cycle to convince yourself that complete oxidation of glucose involves removal of 24 electrons and that each acetyl-CoA through the TCA cycle gives up 8 electrons.arrow_forwardThe Payoff Phase of Glycolysis in Skeletal Muscle In the skeletal muscle, in anaerobic conditions, glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate is converted into pyruvate during the payoff phase of glycolysis; and this pyruvate is reduced into lactate during lactic fermentation. 1-Write the 11 balanced biochemical equations corresponding to all| the reaction steps leading to the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate into lactate through glycolysis followed by lactic fermentation. 2-Write the net equation of the whole transformation process (i.e. with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate as the starting substrate; and lactate as the end product).arrow_forwardPalmitoleic acid, 16:1Δ⁹ hexadecaenoic acid, (16 carbon FA with one double bond )is an important fatty acid component of TAGs and cell membranes. Briefly explain the process of beta oxidation of this fatty acid and the number (only) of FADH, NADH and acetyl CoA outcome. What is the total ATP (only number) generated from this fatty acid after beta oxidation.arrow_forward
- Worksheet on Computation of ATP yield from Fatty acid metabolism. Consider docosanoic acid, C21H43CO2H a. Label alpha (a) and beta ( B) carbons b. Draw the acyl COA derived from this fatty acid c. How many acetyl CoA molecules are formed by complete B-oxidation? d. How many cycles of B- oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complex catabolism of this fatty acid.arrow_forwardWhat is the catalytic efficiency of Catalase ? Table. The values of KM and kcat for some Enzymes and Substrates Enzyme Carbonic anhydrase Substrate CO2 HCO3 KM (M) 1.2 x 10-2 2.6 x 10-2 Kcat (s-1) 1.0 x 106 4.0 x 105 Catalase H2O2 2.5 x 10-2 1.0 x 107 Urease Urea 2.5 x 10-2 4.0 x 105 O A. 4 x 108 M-s-1 O B. 4 x 108 M-1.s-1 OC25x 10-9 M-s1 D. 2.5 x 102 M-1.s-1 OE 1.0 x 107 s1arrow_forwardO BIOCHEMISTRY Understanding major biochemical energy storage and release. A certain anabolic biochemical reaction A has AG- 17.8 kJ mol , and is always coupled to another reaction B, which has two reactants and two products, I this: R + R2 P + P2 The molecule in the drawing area below is either R, or P. • If it's R, change it into P. But if it's P, change it into R. • In either case, draw the molecule as it would exist at physiological pH. • Also please answer the questions about Reaction B in the table below. OR, Was the molecule in the drawing area R, or P, before you changed it? What is R? Enter its common name, usual symbol, or chemical formula: What is P2? Enter its common name, usual symbol, or chemical formula: O BIOCHEMISTRY Understanding major biochemical energy storage and release.. ODO its common name, usual symbol, or chemical formula: NH, -CH N. H OH OH ...... to IIIarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781305577206
Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher:Cengage Learning