Biology: Concepts and Investigations
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260259049
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 19, Problem 12WIO
Scientists have studied plant populations that have moved into areas with low herbivory compared to the plant’s previous habitat. After many generations in the new habitat, the plants produce fewer defensive chemicals and grow larger than plants in the ancestral population. How does natural selection explain these observations? (Hint: Producing defensive chemicals uses energy.)
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Clausen and colleagues proposed two hypotheses to explain this variation within a species: (1) There are genetic differences between populations of plants found at different elevations. (2) The species has developmental flexibility and can assume tall or short growth forms, depending on local abiotic factors. If you had seeds from yarrow plants found at low and high elevations, what experiments would you perform to test these hypotheses?
Select the three experiments.
Consider why there might be natural selection for poisonous plants to warn potential herbivores
with bright colors, but why there seems to be no similar selective pressure for poisonous mushrooms
to do the same. Which of the following best explains this difference?
a) Fungi, like mushrooms, do not rely on photosynthesis and hence do not need to attract or warn herbivores
with bright colors.
Plants have a symbiotic relationship with herbivores, which is not the case for mushrooms.
Mushrooms are typically more toxic than plants, so there is no need for them to develop warning colors.
Most of a fungus's body is the mycelium which exists underground, hence consumption of the above-ground
mushroom cap represents a comparatively smaller fitness cost than for plants, whose vital photosynthetic
structures can be consumed by herbivores.
Evaluate the following statements about seeds from two biology textbooks:
I. The seed coat is an adaptation that protects the plant embryo from damage, water loss, and infection.
II. Evolution has come up with a clever solution for protecting plant embryos: seed coats that prevent damage, water loss, and infection.
Do these statements accurately represent the evolution of seeds?
a) Yes, both statements are accurate.
b) No, neither statement is accurate.
c) Only the first statement is accurate.
Chapter 19 Solutions
Biology: Concepts and Investigations
Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1MCCh. 19.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 19.1 - How does vascular tissue adapt plants to land?Ch. 19.1 - Describe the reproductive adaptations of plants.Ch. 19.2 - Describe the three main groups of bryophytes.Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 2MCCh. 19.3 - Describe the four groups of seedless vascular...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 19.3 - Prob. 3MCCh. 19.4 - What are the characteristics of gymnosperms?
Ch. 19.4 - What are the four groups of gymnosperms?Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 3MCCh. 19.4 - What happens during and after pollination in...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 1MCCh. 19.5 - Prob. 2MCCh. 19.5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 19.5 - Prob. 4MCCh. 19.6 - Prob. 1MCCh. 19.6 - What are some alternative hypotheses for why the...Ch. 19 - Which of the following is NOT a similarity between...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 19 - What conditions did plants face when they moved to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 19 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 19 - Which adaptation to land is present in the most...Ch. 19 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 19 - Reproduction in a pine tree is associated with a....Ch. 19 - In comparing the life cycle of an angiosperm to...Ch. 19 - What plant group is correctly matched with an...Ch. 19 - What characteristics do all land plants have in...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2WIOCh. 19 - How are terrestrial habitats different from...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4WIOCh. 19 - List the characteristics that distinguish the four...Ch. 19 - Prob. 6WIOCh. 19 - A fern plant can produce as many as 50 million...Ch. 19 - How do the adaptations of gymnosperms and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 9WIOCh. 19 - Describe how the petals, ovary, and ovule of...Ch. 19 - The immature fruit of the opium poppy produces...Ch. 19 - Scientists have studied plant populations that...Ch. 19 - Prob. 13WIOCh. 19 - Prob. 14WIOCh. 19 - Prob. 15WIOCh. 19 - Compare and contrast the life cycles of the four...Ch. 19 - Prob. 17WIOCh. 19 - Prob. 18WIOCh. 19 - Prob. 19WIOCh. 19 - What are the pros and cons of pursuing biofuels as...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1PITCh. 19 - Prob. 2PITCh. 19 - Prob. 3PITCh. 19 - Prob. 4PIT
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