Loose Leaf For Explorations: Introduction To Astronomy
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260432145
Author: Thomas T Arny, Stephen E Schneider Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 18, Problem 8TY
To determine
The statement that describes the dark enegy.
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According to the cosmological principle, our place in the universe does not appear to be particularly special compared to any other and it allows us to make predictions about the development of other galaxies and the evolution of the universe. The principle relies on Hubble's results that the universe appears to be the same in all directions (aka it is Question Blank 1 of 2) {hint: one word} and that any large region of space at a given distance from us appears like any other large region of space at a similar distance from us (aka it is Question Blank 2 of 2) {hint: one word}
Which of the following is least reasonable regarding cosmic background radiation (CBR)?
Group of answer choices
CBR correponds to a solar temperature of about 6,000 degrees and implies that the Universe was about 3K right after the Big Bang.
The original CBR corresponded to a much higher temperature, but the expansion of the Universe has caused to be strongly Doppler-shifted toward longer wavelengths.
Satellite-based telescopes were crucial to the discovery of CBR because much of the CBR spectrum cannot be detected through our atmosphere.
The motion of the Earth produces a Doppler shift, which causes CBR to appear a little hotter in front of us and a little colder behind us.
Data for CBR is collected by pointing telescopes to regions that do not appear to have any bright objects.
What are the possible fates for the universe? What do they depend on? What appears to be the actual fate of the universe, according to current cosmology?
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Explorations: Introduction To Astronomy
Ch. 18 - Why do astronomers think that the Universe is...Ch. 18 - What is meant by the age of the Universe? How old...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3QFRCh. 18 - What is Olbers paradox?Ch. 18 - Prob. 5QFRCh. 18 - Prob. 6QFRCh. 18 - Prob. 7QFRCh. 18 - Prob. 8QFRCh. 18 - Prob. 9QFRCh. 18 - Prob. 10QFR
Ch. 18 - Prob. 11QFRCh. 18 - Prob. 12QFRCh. 18 - Prob. 13QFRCh. 18 - Prob. 14QFRCh. 18 - Prob. 15QFRCh. 18 - Prob. 16QFRCh. 18 - Prob. 17QFRCh. 18 - Prob. 18QFRCh. 18 - Prob. 19QFRCh. 18 - Prob. 20QFRCh. 18 - Prob. 1TQCh. 18 - Prob. 2TQCh. 18 - Prob. 3TQCh. 18 - Prob. 4TQCh. 18 - Prob. 5TQCh. 18 - Prob. 6TQCh. 18 - Prob. 7TQCh. 18 - Why are there points below the green line (instead...Ch. 18 - Prob. 9TQCh. 18 - Until recently, experimental results for the...Ch. 18 - The temperature of Universe at recombination was...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3PCh. 18 - Prob. 4PCh. 18 - The temperature of the Universe at recombination...Ch. 18 - One second after the Big Bang, the density of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 7PCh. 18 - Prob. 8PCh. 18 - Prob. 1TYCh. 18 - Prob. 2TYCh. 18 - Prob. 3TYCh. 18 - Which of the following statements about the first...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5TYCh. 18 - Prob. 6TYCh. 18 - Prob. 7TYCh. 18 - Prob. 8TYCh. 18 - Prob. 9TYCh. 18 - Prob. 1EQFRCh. 18 - Prob. 2EQFRCh. 18 - Prob. 3EQFRCh. 18 - Prob. 4EQFRCh. 18 - Prob. 5EQFRCh. 18 - Prob. 6EQFRCh. 18 - Prob. 7EQFRCh. 18 - Prob. 8EQFRCh. 18 - Prob. 9EQFRCh. 18 - What is meant by the Gaia hypothesis?Ch. 18 - Prob. 11EQFRCh. 18 - Prob. 1ETQCh. 18 - Prob. 2ETQCh. 18 - Prob. 3ETQCh. 18 - Prob. 4ETQCh. 18 - Prob. 5ETQCh. 18 - Prob. 6ETQCh. 18 - Prob. 7ETQCh. 18 - Prob. 8ETQCh. 18 - Prob. 1EPCh. 18 - Prob. 2EPCh. 18 - Prob. 3EPCh. 18 - Prob. 4EPCh. 18 - Prob. 5EPCh. 18 - Prob. 6EPCh. 18 - Prob. 1ETYCh. 18 - Prob. 2ETYCh. 18 - Prob. 3ETYCh. 18 - Prob. 4ETYCh. 18 - Prob. 5ETYCh. 18 - Prob. 6ETYCh. 18 - Prob. 7ETY
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- What is the difference between hot dark matter and cold dark matter? How does this difference affect cosmology?arrow_forwardWhat are the basic observations about the universe that any theory of cosmology must explain?arrow_forwardThe discovery of the dark energy was a surprise because astrophysicists generally assumed that the expansion would be slowing down. Select one: True Falsearrow_forward
- Briefly define what is meant by “dark matter” and “dark energy” in cosmology. Give an examplefor a candidate of dark matter, and an example for a dark energy candidate.arrow_forwardWhat does the term Hubble time mean in cosmology, and what is the current best calculation for the Hubble time?arrow_forwardSome theorists expected that observations would show that the density of matter in the universe is just equal to the critical density. Do the current observations support this hypothesis?arrow_forward
- There is still some uncertainty in the Hubble constant. (a) Current estimates range from about 19.9 km/s per million light-years to 23 km/s per million light-years. Assume that the Hubble constant has been constant since the Big Bang. What is the possible range in the ages of the universe? Use the equation in the text, T0=1H , and make sure you use consistent units. (b) Twenty years ago, estimates for the Hubble constant ranged from 50 to 100 km/s per Mps. What are the possible ages for the universe from those values? Can you rule out some of these possibilities on the basis of other evidence?arrow_forwardExplain what we mean when we call the universe homogeneous and isotropic. Would you say that the distribution of elephants on Earth is homogeneous and isotropic? Why?arrow_forwardHow can Earth be located at the center of the observable Universe if you accept the cosmological principle?arrow_forward
- Continuing the thinking in the last three exercises, convert this energy to an equivalent in mass, use Einstein’s equation E=mc2 . Hint: Divide the energy per m3 calculated in Exercise 29.27 by the speed of light squared. Check your units; you should have an answer in kg/m3. Now compare this answer with the critical density. Your answer should be several powers of 10 smaller than the critical density. In other words, you have found for yourself that the contribution of the CMB photons to the overall density of the universe is much, much smaller than the contribution made by stars and galaxies.arrow_forwardIn which type of model universe is space-time infinite in extent and positively curved? List all possibilities.arrow_forward
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