21st Century Astronomy
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780393428063
Author: Kay
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 18, Problem 6QP
To determine
The astronauts motion in the International space station.
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What is the best description of gravitational potential energy?
a. The energy stored, dependent on the object's height from the ground.
b. The strength from a moving object.
c. The energy exerted through stretching or squashing an object.
d. The strength stored between molecules, in chemical bonds.
2. What is the maximum value for gravitational potential energy that an
object can posses? (In reality it only approaches this value.)
2. Explain gravitational potential energy and relate the
gravitational potential energy of a system or object to the
configuration of the system.
Chapter 18 Solutions
21st Century Astronomy
Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 18.1CYUCh. 18.2 - Prob. 18.2CYUCh. 18.3 - Prob. 18.3CYUCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.4CYUCh. 18 - Prob. 1QPCh. 18 - Prob. 2QPCh. 18 - Prob. 3QPCh. 18 - Prob. 4QPCh. 18 - Prob. 5QPCh. 18 - Prob. 6QP
Ch. 18 - Prob. 7QPCh. 18 - Prob. 8QPCh. 18 - Prob. 9QPCh. 18 - Prob. 10QPCh. 18 - Prob. 11QPCh. 18 - Prob. 12QPCh. 18 - Prob. 13QPCh. 18 - Prob. 14QPCh. 18 - Prob. 15QPCh. 18 - Prob. 16QPCh. 18 - Prob. 17QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18QPCh. 18 - Prob. 19QPCh. 18 - Prob. 20QPCh. 18 - Prob. 21QPCh. 18 - Prob. 22QPCh. 18 - Prob. 23QPCh. 18 - Prob. 24QPCh. 18 - Prob. 25QPCh. 18 - Prob. 26QPCh. 18 - Prob. 27QPCh. 18 - Prob. 28QPCh. 18 - Prob. 29QPCh. 18 - Prob. 30QPCh. 18 - Prob. 31QPCh. 18 - Prob. 32QPCh. 18 - Prob. 33QPCh. 18 - Prob. 34QPCh. 18 - Prob. 35QPCh. 18 - Prob. 36QPCh. 18 - Prob. 37QPCh. 18 - Prob. 38QPCh. 18 - Prob. 39QPCh. 18 - Prob. 40QPCh. 18 - Prob. 41QPCh. 18 - Prob. 42QPCh. 18 - Prob. 43QPCh. 18 - Prob. 44QPCh. 18 - Prob. 45QP
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- Space debris left from old satellites and their launchers is becoming a hazard to other satellites. (a) Calculate the speed of a satellite in an orbit 900 km above Earth’s surface. (b) Suppose a loose rivet is in an orbit of the same radius that intersects the satellite’s orbit at an angle of 90 . What is the velocity of the rivet relative to the satellite just before striking it? (c) If its mass is 0.500 g, and it comes to rest inside the satellite, how much energy in joules is generated by the collision? (Assume the satellite’s velocity does not change appreciably, because it mass is much greater than the rivets’s.)arrow_forwardRank the following quantities of energy from largest to smallest. State if any are equal. (a) the absolute value of the average potential energy of the SunEarth system (b) the average kinetic energy of the Earth in its orbital motion relative to the Sun (c) the absolute value of the total energy of the SunEarth systemarrow_forwardThis problem gives some idea of the magnitude of the energy yield of a small tactical bomb. Assume that half the energy of a 1.00kT nuclear depth charge set off under an aircraft carrier goes into lifting it out of the water—that is, into gravitational potential energy. How high is the carrier lifted if its mass is 90,000 tons?arrow_forward
- Find the speed needed to escape from the solar system starting from the surface of Earth. Assume there are no other bodies involved and do not account for the fact that Earth is moving in its orbit. [Hint: Equation 13.6 does not apply. Use Equation 13.5 and include the potential energy of both Earth and the Sun. Substituting the values for Earth’s mass and radius directly into Equation 13.6, we obtain vesc=2GMR=2(6.67 10 11Nm2/kg2)(5.96 10 24kg)(6.37 106m)=1.12104m/s That is about 11 km/s or 25,000 mph. To escape the Sun, starting from Earth’s orbit, we use R=RES=1.501011m and MSum=1.991030kg . The result is vesc=4.21104m/s or about 42 km/s. We have 12mvesc2GMmR=12m02GMm=0 Solving for the escape velocity,arrow_forwardA system consists of three particles, each of mass 5.00 g, located at the corners of an equilateral triangle with sides of 30.0 cm. (a) Calculate the gravitational potential energy of the system. (b) Assume the particles are released simultaneously. Describe the subsequent motion of each. Will any collisions take place? Explain.arrow_forwardAn older-model car accelerates from 0 to speed v in a time interval of t. A newer, more powerful sports car accelerates from 0 to 2v in the same time period. Assuming the energy coming from the engine appears only as kinetic energy of the cars, compare the power of the two cars.arrow_forward
- A satellite of mass 1000 kg is in circular orbit about Earth. The radius of the orbit of the satellite is equal to two times the radius of Earth. (a) How far away is the satellite? (b) Find the kinetic, potential, and total energies of the satellite.arrow_forwardA system consists of five particles. How many terms appear in the expression for the total gravitational potential energy of the system? (a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 10 (d) 20 (e) 25arrow_forwardIf a spacecraft is launched from the Moon at the escape speed of the Earth, how fast will the spacecraft be going when it is very far away from the Moon, ignoring the effects of other celestial bodies?arrow_forward
- Does the kinetic energy of an object depend on the frame of reference in which its motion is measured? Provide an example to prove this point.arrow_forward(a) Calculate the power per square meter reaching Earth's upper atmosphere from the Sun. (Take the power output of the Sun to be 4.001026 W.) (b) Part of this is absorbed and reflected by the atmosphere, so that a maximum of 1.30 kW/m2 reaches Earth's surface. Calculate the area in km 2 of solar energy collectors needed to replace an electric power plant that generates 750 MW if the collectors convert an average of 2.00% of the maximum power into electricity. (This small conversion efficiency is due to the devices themselves, and the fact that the sun is directly overhead only briefly.) With the same assumptions, what area would be needed to meet the United States' energy needs (1.051020J) ? Australia's energy needs (5.41018J) ? China's energy needs (6.31019J) ? (These energy consumption values are from 2006.)arrow_forward1. Why can't we use 'Ug = mgh' as the gravitational potential energy formula for points in space that are not 'near' the Earth's surface?arrow_forward
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