21st Century Astronomy
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780393428063
Author: Kay
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 18, Problem 33QP
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Compare the weighs more on Earth, a cup of hot coffee or a cup of iced coffee and this is measurable.
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Einstein's mass-energy equation is E=mc 2 , where mass is in kilograms and the speed of light is 3.00×108m/s. The unit of energy is the joule (4.184J=1cal;1000cal=1kcal,1J=1kg⋅m2/s2).
1) Calculate the energy released, in calories, when 1 g of matter is converted to energy, then calculate the energy released, in kilocalories, when 1 g of matter is converted to energy.
2)
The great proof of Einstein's Theory of General Relativity was that light is bent by gravity (as it travels through a curved
spacetime). Which of these statements is true??
O A light ray is bent the same amount, it doesn't matter how strong the gravity is.
O A light ray is bent less by an intense gravitational field.
O A light ray is bent more by an intense gravitational field.
O Light rays aren't bent.
The special theory of relativity has what effect on measurements done today? (a) None whatsoever, because any correction would be negligible. (b) We need to consider the effects of relativity when objects move close to the speed of light. (c) We should always make a correction for relativity because Newton’s laws are basically wrong. (d) It doesn’t matter, because we can’t make measurements where relativity would matter.
Chapter 18 Solutions
21st Century Astronomy
Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 18.1CYUCh. 18.2 - Prob. 18.2CYUCh. 18.3 - Prob. 18.3CYUCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.4CYUCh. 18 - Prob. 1QPCh. 18 - Prob. 2QPCh. 18 - Prob. 3QPCh. 18 - Prob. 4QPCh. 18 - Prob. 5QPCh. 18 - Prob. 6QP
Ch. 18 - Prob. 7QPCh. 18 - Prob. 8QPCh. 18 - Prob. 9QPCh. 18 - Prob. 10QPCh. 18 - Prob. 11QPCh. 18 - Prob. 12QPCh. 18 - Prob. 13QPCh. 18 - Prob. 14QPCh. 18 - Prob. 15QPCh. 18 - Prob. 16QPCh. 18 - Prob. 17QPCh. 18 - Prob. 18QPCh. 18 - Prob. 19QPCh. 18 - Prob. 20QPCh. 18 - Prob. 21QPCh. 18 - Prob. 22QPCh. 18 - Prob. 23QPCh. 18 - Prob. 24QPCh. 18 - Prob. 25QPCh. 18 - Prob. 26QPCh. 18 - Prob. 27QPCh. 18 - Prob. 28QPCh. 18 - Prob. 29QPCh. 18 - Prob. 30QPCh. 18 - Prob. 31QPCh. 18 - Prob. 32QPCh. 18 - Prob. 33QPCh. 18 - Prob. 34QPCh. 18 - Prob. 35QPCh. 18 - Prob. 36QPCh. 18 - Prob. 37QPCh. 18 - Prob. 38QPCh. 18 - Prob. 39QPCh. 18 - Prob. 40QPCh. 18 - Prob. 41QPCh. 18 - Prob. 42QPCh. 18 - Prob. 43QPCh. 18 - Prob. 44QPCh. 18 - Prob. 45QP
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- The meter was redefined as a reference to Earth, then to krypton, and finally to the speed of light. Why do you think the reference point for a meter continued to change?arrow_forwardIn fact, the conversion of mass to energy in the Sun is not 100% efficient. As we have seen in the text, the conversion of four hydrogen atoms to one helium atom results in the conversion of about 0.02862 times the mass of a proton to energy. How much energy in joules does one such reaction produce? (See Appendix E for the mass of the hydrogen atom, which, for all practical purposes, is the mass of a proton.)arrow_forwardIt is said that Einstein, in his teenage years, asked the question, What would I see in a mirror if I carried it in my hands and ran at the speed of light? How would you answer this question?arrow_forward
- Consider that GPS satellites circle the Earth at an altitude of about 20,200 km above the surface of the Earth. Due to special relativity, if the clock on board the GPS satellite measures 24 hours (1 Earth day), how much more (or less) time will elapse as measured by a clock "at rest" on the Earth? Give your answer in micro-seconds, us (where 106 us = 1 s). Hint: you are asked for the time *difference* between the two observers.arrow_forwardIf astronauts could travel at v = 0.920c, we on Earth would say it takes (4.20/0.920) = 4.57 years to reach Alpha Centauri, 4.20 light-years away. The astronauts disagree. (a) How much time passes on the astronauts' clocks? years (b) What is the distance to Alpha Centauri as measured by the astronauts? | light-years Need Help? Read Itarrow_forwardTrue or False: People traveling near the speed of light relative to Earth would measure their lifespans and find them, on the average, longer than the average human lifespan as measured on Earth.arrow_forward
- Energy and Mass: If a typical city consumes electrical energy at a rate of 2.0 GW (that's 2 billion joules per second), how many kilograms of matter would have to be converted entirely into electrical energy in order to keep this city running for 14 weeks? (c = 3.0 × 108 m/s)arrow_forwardEinstein’s discovery that energy and mass are equivalent had let to technological developments that are both beneficial and dangerous. Discuss three of these developments. Overall, do you think the human race would be better or worse if we had never discovered that mass is a form of energy?arrow_forwardthe following question is confusing me: An ax is swung against a tree with a blow of 4000N. The force that acts on the axe during this event is: a) less then 4000N b)4000N C) greater then 4000N d) 0 I know the answer is b) 4000N. But why is the foce not 8000N? Is the tree not supposed to exert an equal but opposite force on the axe?arrow_forward
- In Einstein’s theory of special relativity, the mass m of an object moving with velocity v ism = (m0 )/(\squareroot 1-(v)^2/(c)^2) where m0 is the mass of the object when at rest and c is the speed of light.The kinetic energy K of the object is the difference between its total energyand its energy at rest: K = mc2 −m0c2 a) Use Taylor’s Inequality to estimate the difference in these expressions for K when |v| ≤ 100 m/sarrow_forwardHow fast must a rocket travel relative to the earth so that time in the rocket "slows down" to quarter its rate as measured by earth-based observers? Express your answer in meters per second to three significant figures. Do present-day jet planes approach such speeds? Yes or Noarrow_forwardAccording to Einstein’s two postulates of special relativity: The first postulate states that: All inertial reference frames are equivalent. Explain what is meant by this first postulate.arrow_forward
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