Universe: Stars And Galaxies
Universe: Stars And Galaxies
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781319115098
Author: Roger Freedman, Robert Geller, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 18, Problem 27Q
To determine

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The way, one could distinguish between a newly formed protostar and a red giant as they are located in the same region on the H-R.

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Suppose a protostar has a luminosity of 157,341 Lo and a surface temperature of 4,540 K (Kelvins). What is the radius of this protostar? [Enter your answer as a multiple of the Sun's radius. I.e., if you find R = 20 Ro enter 20. This problem is easier if you start with the relevant equation and create a ratio using the Sun's values. Recall that the Sun has a surface temperature of 5778 K. ]
Place the following events in the formation of stars in the proper chronological sequence, with the oldest first and the youngest last. w. the gas and dust in the nebula flatten to a disk shape due to gravity and a steadily increasing rate of angular rotation x. a star emerges when the mass is great enough and the temperature is high enough to trigger thermonuclear fusion in the core y. the rotation of the nebular cloud increases as gas and dust concentrates by gravity within the growing protostar in the center z. some force, perhaps from a nearby supernova, imparts a rotation to a nebular cloud y, then z, then w, then x z, then y, then w, then x w, then y, then z, then x z, then x, then w, then y x, then z, then y, then w MacBook Air on .H. O O O O
Suppose two protostars form at the same time, one with a mass of 0.5MSunSun [Select ALL answers that are true in alphabetical order]A) The 10MSun protostar will have a smaller change in surface temperature during this phase than the 0.5MSun protostar.B) The 10MSun protostar will reach the main sequence cooler and fainter than the 0.5MSun protostar.C) The 10MSun star will end its main-sequence life before the 0.5MSun star even completes its protostar stage.D) The 10MSun protostar will have a smaller change in luminosity during the sequence shown than the 0.5MSun protostar.E) The 10MSun protostar will be much more luminous than the 0.5MSun protostar.
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